King’s Landing, 161st Year After the Conquest
The city of King’s Landing had grown quickly since its founding, with all the growing pains that that entails. No longer the smallest city in the Kingdom, it remains smaller than Lannisport and Oldtown. Jaehaerys the Conciliator and his Queen did much to ease those growing pains. The Dance had both helped and hindered that growth, with many dying in the strife of that war, but the damage also allowed for bigger, better buildings to replace those lost in the years of peace that have followed.
Three hills dominate the skyline of the city. The highest, Aegon’s High Hill, named for the founder of the city, is home to the Red Keep, and dominates the south east corner of the city. This fortress replaced the earlier Aegonfort and took a total of 10 years to complete (35 AC - 45 AC). It’s name comes from the red stone that it is made out of. Renovations have occurred since then, but as a whole it is much as it was completed then. Map (Ignore the Maidenvault, it doesn’t exist (yet?)) Below the Red Keep, fine accommodation for the nobles not living atop the hill can be found; the higher up the Hill the finer it would be.
The Hill of Visenya, named for the Conqueror’s elder sister, dominates the south west of the city, though it lies entirely within the perimeter walls. At its summit stands a large sept, built in the reign of Aegon the Conqueror and sponsored by the High Septon of that time. It has endured where other structures have not, and much like the city it serves as developed somewhat in piecemeal. It remains an impressive structure, though not the finest in the realm amongst septs. It does not cover the whole summit; a square is also present in which the Faithful may gather on certain feast days, or for other major events held at the sept.
The Hill of Rhaenys, named for the Conqueror’s younger sister, dominates the north north east of the city, though it too lies entirely within the perimeter walls. It was once crowned by a magnificent sept, built in honour of Rhaenys after her premature death in Dorne in 10 AC. A towering structure, it was fortified by the Faith Militant then subsequently destroyed by King Maegor I Targaryen during the spell of confrontation between that King and the Faith. In its place, Maegor ordered the construction of a great domed structure to house House Targaryen’s dragons. Unsurprisingly, it was known as the Dragonpit. 77 Dragonkeepers were tasked with guarding it, though given the scale of it they are likely not the only people there. It was badly damaged in the Dance of Dragons, though much of the detritus of that conflict has been cleared, and the Dragonkeepers reformed, along with the other groups that work there. The dome remains unreplaced as yet, the King’s priorities being elsewhere.
The perimeter wall of King’s Landing is roughly rectangular in outline, with turrets near evenly spaced along its length. It is pierced by a total of seven gates, for the Seven aspects of the One God. Anticlockwise from the Red Keep: Iron Gate: Coastal Road to Rosby, Duskendale, Staunton and beyond Dragon Gate: Inland Road also going to Rosby, Duskendale and beyond Old Gate: Cross Country Road through the Fertile Crescent of the Crownlands Gate of the Gods: King’s Road (North) for Harroway and beyond Lion Gate: Gold Road for the Westerlands King’s Gate: Access to the river upstream of the docklands, with the road going east to meet up with the Gold Road before crossing the Blackwater upriver. River Gate: Access to the docks, for both connections abroad and ferrying across to the King’s Road (South) for Storm’s End and the Rose Road to Oldtown, via Bitterbridge and Highgarden.
Beyond the walls are the suburbs; much ravaged by the war, you would not be able to tell so now, having returned to their vibrant form of yesteryear. Mainly located around the gates other than the River Gate, they primarily cater to the poorer members of society, though there are also more respectable establishments to cater those late arrivals that miss the closing of the gates for the night.
The bulk of the city is dominated by squares & plazas, the broad tree lined streets that run between them and the narrower alleys that branch off them both. Trades tend to cluster around the first two, though not exclusively. Fishmonger’s Square is just inside the River Gate, and is where a market selling fish can be found each day. River Row leads from East and West of Fishmonger’s Square, to the King’s Gate and the foot of Aegon’s High Hill respectively. The properties of those who work in or around the sea can be found here, be they merchants, insurers or shipbuilders. The Square of Staves can be found in the lee of Aegon’s High Hill, and is the domain of the coopers, who supply whoever needs them. The most popular inn is called the Cooper’s Court. The Street of Steel goes from Fishmonger’s Square up the Hill of Visenya. The higher up the hill you go, the more expensive the smiths are. It continues down the far side of the Hill to join the God’s Way. The God’s Way connects the Central Square and the Gate of the Gods. The Street of Sisters connects the Hill of Visenya to the Hill of Rhaenys, reaching the top of each. The Central Square is at the centre of the city, and is the largest square. It is where the Street of the Sisters, the King’s Way, the God’s Way and the Blackwater Way meet. There is also a road leading to the Iron Gate. The King’s Way connects the Red Keep and the Central Square The Blackwater Way connects the River Gate and the Central Square The Hook is a curved street that connects the two, sweeping around in a long arc to do so. A fashionable inn is found where it meets the King’s Way at the lower reaches of Aegon’s High Hill. The Street of Flour contains numerous bakeries. It runs around the south eastern side of the Hill of Visenya. The Street of Flies contains many butchers. It lies on the Hill of Rhaenys about halfway between the Dragonpit and Flea Bottom. The Street of Silver lies below the Street of Steel on the western side of the Hill of Visenya. It is home to the jewelers and workers of silver and gold. The Street of Silk lies to the north west of the Hill of Rhaenys, and is home to many houses of pleasure. The Street of Seeds lies to the north east of the Hill of Rhaenys. It is home to not only sellers of grains, but also of flowers and their bulbs. The Street of Looms lies in the north west of the city, running parallel to the northern wall. It is home to numerous weavers, along with other processes associated with that industry.
Flea Bottom is the poorest area within the city, consisting of tightly packed slums criss-crossed with narrow alleys. It lies between the road to the Iron Gate and the southern foot of Rhaenys’ Hill. Woe betide anyone of worth who goes in there, for they are unlikely to come out again.

So for the past year I've been spending a huge amount of time on learning how to learn starting with Barbara Oakley's famous coursera course of the same name, to ultralearning from Scott Young, to Make It Stick by Peter C Brown, and from there I looked at papers on how to learn as well as sites and articles for anything else. This post is only a smidgen of what I've found, but I hope it is enough information for you to get started and hopefully find research yourself that you can look up to! I will link some recommended sources in the comments of this post so you can start with if you want to start digging deeper.

Introduction

Are you struggling to learn new things effectively? Do you feel like you're not making progress despite putting in a lot of effort? Learning how to learn is a crucial skill that can help you overcome these challenges and achieve your goals. In this post, we'll discuss the science behind effective learning and memory, and explore various techniques and insights from books and sources to help you learn things deeply and quickly. Whether you're a student, professional, or anyone who wants to improve their learning skills, this post is for you. So let's dive in and learn how to learn!
First, let's talk about why learning how to learn is so important. Many people approach learning as a chore, something they have to do to get good grades or advance in their career. But what if I told you that by mastering the science of learning, you can actually make learning more enjoyable and efficient?
To understand how to make learning easier and more effective, we need to dive into the science behind it. The brain is an incredibly complex device, with a million billion synapses where memories are stored. But how exactly do these memories get stored and retrieved?

How the Brain Works

To gain a better understanding of how memories are formed and retrieved, it is essential to delve into the intricacies of neurons and synapses. Neurons, as the fundamental building blocks of the brain, play a crucial role in the process of memory formation and retention. Synapses, on the other hand, are the interconnecting bridges that allow neurons to communicate with each other. When we learn something new, electrical signals are transmitted through these synapses, which in turn produce neurotransmitters responsible for the storage of memories
However, the process of memory formation is not just about having more synapses. It is also about the manner in which they are connected to one another. Different areas of the brain are responsible for various aspects of learning and memory. The hippocampus and frontal cortex, for instance, are involved in analyzing perceptions and deciding what information to store, while the amygdala plays a vital role in integrating emotions and memory. It is through the complex interplay of these different neural regions that memories are formed, stored, and retrieved.

How Memory Works

Memory is an intricate process that involves multiple stages. These stages are sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is the first stage of memory that receives and processes fleeting impressions of your perceptions. It is responsible for holding raw information for a very short time, no more than a few seconds.
Short-term memory is the second stage of memory and is like a storage unit that holds about four chunks of information and lasts for 20-30 seconds. During this stage, the brain processes and stores the information currently in use, such as a phone number, an address, or a short message.
It is long-term memory that we tend to think of when we talk about memory. This stage is responsible for storing and retrieving information for an extended period. The long-term memory capacity is vast, and it is where the most important and meaningful memories are stored.
To move information from short-term to long-term memory, you need to use a technique called spaced repetition. This involves repeating what you're trying to retain over several days to strengthen the synaptic connections between neurons. However, it's not just about repetition - it's about encoding, storage, and retrieval processes. Encoding is the process of transforming information into a meaningful code that can be stored in memory, while storage is the process of retaining that information over time. Lastly, retrieval is the process of accessing stored information when needed.

Common Misconceptions about Learning and Memory

There are a number of myths and misconceptions surrounding the processes of learning and memory that can unfortunately hinder one's progress. One common misconception is that intelligence is a fixed trait and that one's memory or learning abilities cannot be improved. However, the reality is that anyone can improve their memory and learning skills through deliberate and consistent practice.
Another popular myth is the belief that taking breaks during learning or studying is a waste of time. However, in truth, taking breaks is an essential component of effective learning. When you take a break, your brain's diffuse mode works in the background, creating new neural connections and allowing you to see things from different perspectives, leading to better and more comprehensive learning.
By understanding the science behind learning and memory, one can approach the process of learning with a more positive mindset and focus on utilizing effective strategies. With the right techniques, anyone can learn new information deeply and quickly, making the process of learning a more enjoyable and rewarding experience. In addition, there are many tools and resources available to help one improve their learning and memory abilities, including mind mapping, mnemonic devices, spaced repetition, and more.

Techniques for Effective Learning

Now that we've busted some myths, it's time to explore some tried-and-true techniques for effective learning. These techniques involve taking advantage of the way our brains naturally process and store information. Let's dive in!

Recall

Recall is an effective strategy for improving memory retention because it strengthens the synaptic connections between neurons. Essentially, when you actively retrieve information from memory, you are exercising your brain and making it easier to retrieve the information in the future. This technique can be thought of as lifting weights for your brain, and just like with physical exercise, consistent practice is key.
To effectively use recall in your study routine, start by actively testing yourself on the material you are trying to learn. For example, if you are studying for a history exam, try to recall important dates and events without looking at your notes. This will help to exercise the neural pathways associated with that information and make it easier to remember in the future. Another effective technique is to use flashcards, which allow you to actively retrieve information from memory and test yourself on specific concepts or terms.
The reason why recall is so effective for improving memory retention is because it strengthens the synaptic connections between neurons. When you repeatedly retrieve information from memory, you are essentially reinforcing the neural pathways associated with that information. This makes it easier to retrieve the information in the future, because the pathways have been strengthened and the information is easier to access.
In addition to recall, there are other strategies that can improve memory retention. Spaced repetition is one such strategy, which involves repeating what you're trying to retain over several days to strengthen synaptic connections. Chunking is another strategy, which involves piecing together bits of information through meaning and usage. This allows you to tie meaning to a concept or idea and make it more memorable. By incorporating these techniques into your study routine, you can optimize your learning and retain information more effectively.

Spaced Repetition

Spaced repetition is a powerful technique that can be used to improve your ability to retain information. It involves repeating what you are trying to remember over several days to strengthen synaptic connections in your brain. The technique, much like watering a plant, requires the right amount of repetition at the right intervals to achieve optimal growth.
To effectively use spaced repetition, it is important to first create a schedule of when and how often to repeat the material. For example, if you are trying to memorize a list of vocabulary words in a foreign language, you might start by studying the words for a few minutes each day for a week. Then, you might repeat the list of words every other day for the next two weeks, and then once a week for the following month. This spaced repetition schedule allows for optimal growth of synaptic connections in your brain, improving your ability to retain the information.
Another example of spaced repetition in action is when learning to play a musical instrument. Instead of practicing for hours on end, it is often more effective to practice for shorter periods of time, with breaks in between to allow your brain to consolidate the new information. By spacing out your practice sessions and repeating the material over several days, you can improve your ability to retain the information and improve your overall skill level.
Spaced repetition works because it takes advantage of the brain's natural learning processes. When you learn something new, your brain creates new synapses between neurons to store the information. However, these synapses are relatively weak at first and can easily be forgotten. By repeating the material over several days, the synapses become stronger and more permanent, making it easier to recall the information later on. This technique also helps to prevent forgetting by refreshing the memory at regular intervals, further strengthening the synaptic connections in your brain.

Interleaving

Interleaving is a highly effective technique for learning and practicing skills or concepts. It involves mixing up different types of problems or materials, which can help you to better retain and apply the information. The key to effective interleaving is to ensure that you are constantly switching between different types of problems or materials in a way that allows your brain to make new connections between ideas and to think in a more flexible and adaptable way. This can lead to deeper understanding and more efficient learning.
For example, if you are trying to learn a new language, you might start by practicing basic vocabulary and grammar rules. However, instead of simply repeating the same exercises over and over again, you could try interleaving different types of exercises, such as practicing vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension in quick succession. This would force your brain to constantly switch between different types of problems, which would help you to better retain and apply the information.
Another example of interleaving is in sports training. Instead of performing the same drills over and over again, athletes can benefit from mixing up their training routine. For instance, a basketball player might practice shooting, dribbling, and passing in quick succession, rather than focusing on a single skill for an extended period of time. This would force the player to adjust to different types of challenges and think in a more flexible and adaptable way, which would ultimately improve their overall performance.
The reason why interleaving is so effective is that it forces your brain to constantly switch between different types of problems, which helps to build new neural connections and reinforce existing ones. By constantly challenging your brain to adapt to new situations, you are training it to be more flexible and adaptable, which can lead to deeper understanding and more efficient learning. Additionally, interleaving can help to prevent boredom and keep you engaged in the learning process, which can ultimately lead to better overall outcomes.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics are an effective memory aid that can help you remember information by creating associations between the information you want to remember and other things that you already know. This technique works because the brain is naturally wired to remember things that are meaningful and connected to other information.
One way to use mnemonics is to create a memorable sentence or acronym that represents a list of items. For example, to remember the colors of the rainbow in order, you can use the acronym ROYGBIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). Another way to use mnemonics is to create a memorable image that represents a concept. For example, to remember the difference between weather and climate, you can imagine a man holding an umbrella (weather) while standing next to a tree (climate).
To use mnemonics effectively, it's important to create associations that are vivid, meaningful, and easy to remember. You should also try to use mnemonics in a way that makes sense to you personally. For example, if you have a strong association between a particular food and a memory, you can use that food in your mnemonic to help you remember the information.
Overall, mnemonics are a powerful tool that can help you remember information more effectively. By creating associations between new information and things you already know, you can improve your memory and recall more easily.

Memory Palace

The Memory Palace technique is an excellent mnemonic strategy that can be utilized to improve memory. This technique involves creating a mental map of a familiar location, such as your home or workplace, and associating each item that you want to remember with a specific location in that place. By doing so, you can significantly improve your ability to remember things.
To effectively use this technique, start by selecting a location that you are familiar with and that has a specific structure, such as a house or a building. Next, imagine yourself walking through the location and identify specific objects or landmarks that stand out to you. For example, if you choose your apartment, you could associate the couch with the color red, the dining table with a vase of flowers, and the kitchen with the smell of coffee.
Once you have identified these landmarks, you can associate each item that you want to remember with a specific location in your mental map. For instance, if you want to remember a list of grocery items, you can associate each item with a specific location in your home. For example, you can associate apples with the fruit bowl on your kitchen counter, bread with the bread box on your kitchen shelf, and milk with the refrigerator in your kitchen. By doing so, when you need to recall the items, you can simply visualize your mental map of your home and recall the location of each item.
This technique is effective because it leverages the power of visualization and association. By associating each item with a specific location in your mental map, you create a visual and spatial representation of the information in your mind. This makes it easier for you to recall the information later because your brain has formed strong connections between the items and the locations. With practice, you can use this technique to remember even long lists of items, and impress your friends and colleagues with your newfound memory skills.

Chunking

Chunking is a technique for memorizing information by grouping it into smaller chunks, making it easier to remember. For example, if you need to memorize a phone number, you might chunk it into three groups of numbers, like 555-123-4567. This makes it easier to remember because it's easier to remember three smaller chunks than one long string of digits.
Another example of chunking is breaking down a larger concept into smaller, more manageable pieces. For instance, if you're trying to learn a new programming language, you might start by breaking it down into smaller components, such as syntax, data types, and control structures. Once you've mastered these smaller chunks, you can start piecing them together to gain a better understanding of the language as a whole.
Chunking is effective because it makes it easier for the brain to process and store information. When information is presented in smaller, more manageable chunks, it's easier for the brain to process and remember. Additionally, chunking helps to create meaningful connections between pieces of information, making it easier to recall them later.
To effectively use chunking, it's important to give the task your undivided attention and then find the overall big picture and key ideas. You can perform a quick picture walk-through of your material, and anything that stands out is usually important. You should then provide context for your ideas and concepts to know when to use them. Finally, you want to tie auditory hooks to your memory by speaking about it out loud with self-explanation.
Overall, chunking is a powerful technique for learning and memorization because it makes information more manageable and easier to process. By breaking down larger concepts into smaller, more manageable chunks, you can make it easier for your brain to process and store information, making it easier to recall later on.

Self-Explanation

Self-explanation is a powerful learning technique that can be used in a variety of contexts. One way to effectively use self-explanation is to ask "why" questions when encountering a new concept. For example, if you are learning about the concept of photosynthesis, you might ask yourself, "Why do plants need sunlight in order to produce energy?" By asking and answering these types of questions, you are actively engaging with the material and promoting the formation of new connections between ideas.
Another way to use self-explanation is to relate new concepts to what you already know. For example, if you are learning a new language and come across a new word, you might try to relate it to a word in your native language that has a similar meaning. This can help you remember the new word and also reinforce your understanding of the concept it represents.
Finally, self-explanation can be used to identify gaps in your understanding. For example, if you are reading a complex scientific article and come across a term or concept that you don't fully understand, you might try to explain it to yourself in your own words. If you can't explain it, that might be an indication that you need to go back and review the material or seek additional resources.
The reason why self-explanation is such an effective learning technique is that it encourages individuals to actively engage with the material and construct new knowledge by relating it to what they already know. By creating a dialogue with oneself, one is able to identify gaps in their understanding and clarify their thinking, leading to a more thorough and integrated understanding of the material. Essentially, self-explanation is like having a conversation with your own brain, which can be a powerful tool in the learning process.

Elaborative Interrogation

Elaborative interrogation is a powerful technique that can help you improve your learning process by asking yourself "why" questions and trying to come up with a detailed explanation. This process can be thought of as trying to be a detective in your own mind, where you are constantly trying to uncover new clues and piece together the information you already have. Here are a few examples of how to effectively use this technique:
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• When studying history, ask yourself why certain events occurred and what factors led to them. Try to come up with a detailed explanation that takes into account all the relevant factors.
• When learning a new concept in science, ask yourself why it works the way it does, and try to come up with a detailed explanation that includes all the relevant principles and laws.
• When reading a novel, ask yourself why certain characters behave the way they do, and try to come up with a detailed explanation that considers their motivations and past experiences.

This technique works because it forces you to engage with the material on a deeper level and make connections with other ideas. By asking yourself why something is true, you are actively processing the information and creating new neural connections. This process helps you to remember the information better and understand it more deeply. Furthermore, the process of elaborative interrogation helps to overcome illusions of understanding by exposing gaps in knowledge and highlighting areas that need further clarification.
Moreover, these techniques can make learning more effective and enjoyable. Whether you are trying to learn a new language, improve your math skills, or expand your knowledge, these techniques can help you achieve your goals. Not only do they allow you to think more critically and creatively, but they also stimulate your brain in new ways and encourage you to explore different perspectives and ideas.
So, if you haven't tried these techniques yet, give them a try! You might be surprised at how much they can improve your learning experience. Your brain will certainly thank you for it!

Beating Procrastination

Procrastination is a fascinating phenomenon that affects all of us in some way or another. It's like a monster that lurks inside our brains, always ready to pounce when we need to get something done. When we're faced with a task that we don't want to do, our brain associates it with pain, discomfort and stress. It's like our brain is telling us that this task is going to be hard and that we're going to have to work really hard to get it done. This is because the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for decision-making and cognitive control, is in charge of regulating behavior associated with goals. When faced with a difficult task, the prefrontal cortex sends signals to the amygdala, the part of the brain associated with emotion, to initiate a stress response. This stress response activates the release of cortisol, a hormone that is associated with the body's response to stress, and creates physical discomfort in our body. This discomfort is what we perceive as pain, and it's what makes procrastination so difficult to overcome.
To make matters worse, our brains are wired to seek pleasure and avoid pain. When we procrastinate, we turn to activities that give us immediate pleasure, like scrolling through social media or watching TV. These activities release dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. Our brains then begin to associate procrastination with pleasure, making it even harder to overcome.
So, how can we beat procrastination?
To beat procrastination, it's important to understand the habit loop consisting of a cue, routine, reward, and belief. Once you have identified the cues and rewards that drive your procrastination habits, you can develop strategies to override them. For example, if the cue for procrastination is checking social media, you can remove the social media app from your phone or block it during certain times of the day. If the reward for procrastination is watching TV, you can reward yourself with an episode of your favorite show after completing a task.
This technique works because it helps to rewire the neural pathways associated with procrastination. By changing the cues and rewards, you can change the behavior associated with the habit. Additionally, by developing new habits and routines, you can strengthen the neural pathways associated with those behaviors, making them more automatic and easier to perform over time. With practice, you can learn to override the procrastination habit and develop more productive habits that help you achieve your goals.
The Pomodoro technique is a time management method that involves breaking work into 25-minute intervals, called "pomodoros," followed by a 5-minute break. After four pomodoros, take a longer break of around 15-30 minutes. However, it is important to note that you do not have to follow this exact timing and can adjust the intervals to fit your needs.
The Pomodoro technique works because it helps you stay focused and avoid distractions. By breaking work into manageable intervals, you are less likely to become overwhelmed or lose focus. Additionally, the breaks allow your brain to rest and recharge, making it easier to stay productive throughout the day.
To effectively use the Pomodoro technique, start by identifying the task you want to complete. Set a timer for 25 minutes and work on the task until the timer goes off. Take a 5-minute break, then repeat the process. After four pomodoros, take a longer break to recharge. It can also be helpful to track your progress and make adjustments as needed. If you find that 25-minute intervals are too long or too short, adjust the intervals to fit your needs.
Here are a few concrete examples of how to use the Pomodoro technique:
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• When studying for a test, break the material into manageable chunks and work on each chunk for 25 minutes at a time.
• When writing a paper, work on one section for 25 minutes, then take a break before moving on to the next section.
• When working on a project, break it down into smaller tasks and work on each task for 25 minutes at a time.

Overall, the Pomodoro technique is a simple but effective way to manage your time and stay focused on your work. Of course, you don’t have to follow 25/5 pomodoro. You can do 50/10, 45/15, etc. I wouldn’t recommend letting yourself study for more than one hour at a time however.
Journaling about your procrastination habits can help you identify triggers and develop strategies to overcome them. For example, if you find yourself procrastinating when faced with a difficult task, you could break it down into smaller, more manageable steps. By doing this, you can build momentum and gain a sense of accomplishment as you complete each step, which can help motivate you to continue working.
Time blocking is another effective technique for combating procrastination. To use this technique, you can break up your day into specific time slots and dedicate each slot to a specific task. For instance, you could block out two hours for writing a report, followed by a 30-minute break, then another two-hour block for responding to emails. This can help you stay focused and prevent distractions from derailing your progress. By scheduling specific tasks at specific times, you can create a sense of urgency and hold yourself accountable for completing them.
Both journaling and time blocking work by helping you stay organized and focused on your goals. By identifying the triggers that lead to procrastination and breaking your day into manageable tasks, you can avoid feeling overwhelmed and build the momentum you need to achieve your goals. Additionally, these techniques can help you develop a sense of control over your time and reduce the anxiety and stress that often accompany procrastination.
"Eat your frogs first" is a technique that involves tackling your most difficult or unpleasant task first thing in the morning when your willpower is at its strongest. This technique is effective because it helps to build momentum and make the rest of your day feel more manageable.
For example, if you have a project that you've been dreading, start your day by working on it for an hour or two. By doing so, you'll be able to make significant progress and feel a sense of accomplishment that will carry you through the rest of your day. Alternatively, if you have a difficult conversation that you've been putting off, schedule it for the beginning of your day when you're most alert and focused.
Another example of this technique in action is a writer who starts their day by writing their most challenging section first, such as the introduction or conclusion. By doing so, they build momentum and gain confidence that they can complete the rest of their work.
Overall, eating your frogs first is an effective technique because it helps you to break through procrastination and build momentum towards your goals. By tackling your most difficult or unpleasant task first, you'll be able to make progress and build confidence that will carry you through the rest of your day.
To effectively remove environmental triggers that lead to procrastination, you can take a few concrete steps. For example, if you find yourself constantly checking your phone when you should be studying, you can put your phone in another room or turn off notifications during your study sessions. Another example is to create a designated study space that is free from distractions, such as a library or a quiet room in your house. This can help you stay focused and avoid interruptions. Additionally, you can make your environment clean and organized by removing clutter and creating a clear workspace. This can help you feel more motivated and focused on your goals.
The reason this technique works is that it helps reduce the distractions that can lead to procrastination. By removing environmental triggers, you are creating an environment that is conducive to studying and learning. This can help you stay focused on your tasks and avoid the temptations that can derail your progress. Additionally, by creating a clean and organized workspace, you are signaling to your brain that it is time to focus and be productive. This can help you get into the right mindset for learning and studying.
In summary, beating procrastination is all about understanding the habit loop, pomodoro, identifying your triggers, and developing strategies to override them. By using techniques like journaling, time blocking, and eating your frogs first, you can stay focused and make progress towards your learning goals. So the next time you find yourself procrastinating, remember that you have the power to take control of your habits and achieve your dreams. Your brain will thank you for it!

Lifestyle Choices That Improve Memory

Now that we've covered some techniques for learning more deeply and efficiently, let's talk about some lifestyle choices that can help improve your memory even further. These tips are designed to help you take care of your brain and optimize its performance, so that you can learn and remember more effectively.

Exercise

Exercise has been shown to have numerous benefits for brain health and cognitive function, including improved memory. But how exactly does exercise help improve memory? One theory is that exercise increases blood flow and oxygen to the brain, which helps to nourish brain cells and promote the growth of new neurons. Additionally, exercise has been shown to increase the production of certain chemicals in the brain, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is important for the growth and survival of neurons.
To effectively use exercise to improve memory, it's important to engage in cardiovascular exercise that gets your heart rate up and increases blood flow to the brain. This can include activities such as running, cycling, swimming, or brisk walking. It's also important to make exercise a regular part of your routine. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
Finally, it's important to stay motivated and make exercise a fun and enjoyable part of your routine. Find activities that you enjoy and that you look forward to, and try to make exercise a social activity by finding a workout buddy or joining a group fitness class. By making exercise a regular and enjoyable part of your routine, you can reap the many benefits it has to offer for both your body and your brain.

Meditation

Meditation is a powerful tool for improving memory and cognitive function. This ancient practice has been used for centuries to help people calm their minds and improve their focus. Recent research has shown that meditation can actually change the structure of the brain, improving memory and attention span. To effectively use this technique, start by finding a quiet place where you won't be disturbed. Sit comfortably in a chair or on the floor, with your back straight and your eyes closed. Focus on your breath and try to clear your mind of all other thoughts. When your mind wanders, gently bring it back to your breath. Start with just a few minutes each day and gradually increase the time as you become more comfortable with the practice.
One reason why meditation can improve memory is that it helps reduce stress and anxiety, which are known to impair memory function. Additionally, meditation can increase the size of the hippocampus, the part of the brain that is critical for memory and learning. This can lead to better memory consolidation and recall.
To illustrate the effectiveness of meditation for memory improvement, a study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara found that participants who meditated for just 10 minutes a day for two weeks showed significant improvements in working memory and executive function compared to a control group. Another study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that a mindfulness meditation program improved memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
In conclusion, meditation is a simple yet powerful technique for improving memory and cognitive function. By reducing stress and anxiety, increasing the size of the hippocampus, and improving memory consolidation and recall, meditation can help you reach your learning goals and achieve success.

Brain-Boosting Foods

Eating certain foods can promote brain health and improve memory. For example, blueberries are high in antioxidants that protect brain cells from damage and inflammation, while salmon is rich in omega-3 fatty acids that support brain function and improve memory. Nuts, such as almonds and walnuts, contain vitamin E that helps prevent cognitive decline and enhance memory recall. Additionally, dark chocolate contains flavonoids that improve blood flow to the brain, which can boost cognitive function.
These brain-boosting foods work by providing essential nutrients that nourish the brain and promote the growth of new neurons. Antioxidants, for example, protect the brain from damage and inflammation caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells. Omega-3 fatty acids, on the other hand, are important for brain function and can improve memory by supporting the growth of new neurons and enhancing communication between brain cells. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and can help prevent cognitive decline by protecting the brain from damage. Finally, flavonoids in dark chocolate can improve blood flow to the brain, which can boost cognitive function.
To effectively use this technique, it is important to incorporate brain-boosting foods into your diet regularly. Snack on a handful of almonds or blueberries, include salmon in your meals, and indulge in a square of dark chocolate every now and then. It is also important to maintain a balanced and healthy diet overall and to exercise regularly, as physical activity has been linked to improved brain function and memory.

Sleep

Getting enough sleep is crucial for memory consolidation and cognitive function. To effectively use this technique, it's important to establish a regular sleep schedule and aim for 7-8 hours of sleep per night. Avoiding caffeine and screens before bedtime and creating a relaxing sleep environment can also help you fall asleep more easily.
One concrete example of how to incorporate this technique into your routine is to set a specific bedtime and wake-up time, and stick to it every day. This will help regulate your body's internal clock and make it easier to fall asleep and wake up at the same time each day. Another example is to avoid stimulating activities before bedtime, such as watching TV or using electronic devices, which can interfere with your ability to fall asleep.
The reason why sleep is so important for memory consolidation is that during sleep, the brain processes and consolidates memories, making it easier to remember what you've learned and make connections between different pieces of information. Additionally, getting enough sleep can improve cognitive function, including attention, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities. In contrast, not getting enough sleep can lead to fatigue, poor memory retention, and decreased cognitive function.

Other Lifestyle Changes

Adding new activities to your routine can be a great way to improve your memory and cognitive function. In fact, there are numerous activities that can be beneficial for your brain health and cognitive abilities.
For example, playing chess is a popular activity that can help to improve your problem-solving skills and strategic thinking abilities. It is a game that requires you to think ahead and anticipate your opponent's moves, which can help to challenge your brain in new ways. Similarly, learning a new instrument can be a great way to challenge your brain and promote the growth of new neurons. It requires you to learn new skills, such as reading music, playing different chords, and developing your sense of rhythm. All of these skills can help to stimulate your brain and improve cognitive function.
In summary, by making some simple lifestyle changes, you can improve your memory and cognitive function. Exercise, meditation, brain-boosting foods, sleep, and other activities can all help to promote brain health and improve memory. So, take care of your brain, and it will take care of you!

I have a ceiling fan with an LED disc light that I'm trying to replace. I want a brighter white light rather than the soft light. I bought a replacement light and as far as I can tell it is 100% compatible. I just have concerns about the wires.
The LED Discs (Old & New): https://imgur.com/a/hi2Vk0s The Fixture: https://imgur.com/a/4YC9JCg
Based on the pictures above, I hope my problem can be made clear. In the first picture, the larger disc is the existing LED light, and the smaller one is the new light. The size difference is because the old one is still attached to a metal back plate, I can swap that out no problem. The real problem is the connectors. The old light has its wires attached to this nice, user-friendly connector to plug it in and out of the socket (see second picture). The new light, however, just has the wires.
Now since the wires all look the same, I have had the thought that I could just cut the connector off of the fixture and then connect the wires directly with caps. Seems simple enough. However, I don't want to risk breaking things and I'm not sure that's the right move to make.
I'm hoping for some general guidance here. I keep looking for a replacement disc with the connector, but none of the ads for replacements say anything about how the wires connect. Anyway, I feel like there is a way to make this work, and I figure someone here can point me in the right direction. Thanks so much.

Hi There
We have an APC Back-UPS ES 700 (700W) unit deployed in our home office. This was purchased a couple of years ago and so far has worked flawlessly to power down our NAS automatically in the event of a power outage and allows us a few minutes to close down our workstations without losing work
However, a couple of days ago we had an odd issue occur. Only one of our two computers was on, plus our NAS (but it wasnt actively doing anything at the time, just idling). Everything has been working fine, but then out of the blue the computer turned itself off and the APC unit started emitting a long continuous beep tone and the LED started flashing from Green to Red.
There are 3 devices connected to the Battery Backup section of the UPS, however, only one of these devices turned off when the above issue occurred. This seems particularly odd, as If the power had tripped momentarily, I would expect to see the same outcome on all 3 connected devices, not just the one that was active at the time
I checked the manual and online documentation, which suggests that the flashing red to green LED indicates an issue with the internal battery, but on resetting the UPS, the error has gone and it appears to be back to working as normal.
It seems as if the UPS was tripped to the battery backup, either due to a momentary power outage (that then didnt seem to affect anything else in the house) or I guess some internal error?
The only other thing I have thought of, is that perhaps we are overloading the UPS now that we have upgraded our workstations. When we originally purchased the unit, we had two older workstations (a threadripper system and a 9th gen Intel processor), we've recently upgraded to a current gen Ryzen 9 and a 13th gen Intel workstation, both with much more powerful graphics cards (4090 and a 7900 XTX). However, this seems a little unlikely, as at the time the issue occured, only one of the two workstations was active, plus the NAS (and the NAS remained up and running for some time)
It also wasnt clear when the issue occured, whether or not the UPS was now on the battery power, or if it was still providing mains power but communicating the error at the same time. I turned everything off on the assumption the battery might run out (and didnt want to reset the UPS while everything was connected in case it turned everything off anyway). I powered everything down, cycled the power on the UPS and it all went back to normal.
So I'm wondering if anyone has experienced something like this previously? - particularly where only one device turns off entirely (even though plugged into the battery backup)? Or if anyone has any suggestions for how to test further to see if there is a potential issue at play

Hello there, if something is wrong with the format of my post please let me know.

1. System Spec (Full Model Names) (This is a test bench btw) Ryzen 5 2600X Asus RX560 2GB 2133Mhz SkHynix ram Corsair GS600
2. No OS
3. Not a driver related issue
4. No RMA or Claim.
5. Motherboard was not posting, and RGB lights was off. Red CPU LED always on, and randomly blinking RAM LED. I Kicked in the secondary bios by holding the power and the reset button for 10 seconds and then turned it on. I got into bios, changed date etc and shut down. I was able to boot again without kicking in the secondary bios. Left it overnight at the bench and this morning again it was not posting and was needed to boot to secondary bios again. I believe that when the secondary bios kicks in, it writes itself to the first bios chip . I didn't try a USB flash when on secondary bios, since I do not know if it's gonna apply it on the first or the second chip. Based on the thought that the secondary bios writes itself to the first bios chip,and I was to boot it again after saving the settings, I tend to believe that the first chip is toasted and corrupting itself, but that could just be a bad assumption. any Ideas would be highly appreciated. Thanks

I need to build a "meat temperature sensor" circuit using only non digital or programmable components on a breadboard. I have no idea how to build this circuit and I need help as I dont know what components to use or what value resistors to use. I do have a general idea however.
I know I have to use an Ntc thermistor and a Lm311 IC comparator.
the circuit should work like this: three colored leds should light up red, yellow, and green to indicate whether the 'meat' is cooked rare, medium, or well done respectively. There should also be a buzzer to indicate whether the meat is overcooked or not.
​
This is really important and I really need help please. Thank you.

hello my name is xayvion (xay for short) and i am a 16 year old trans male. i'm going to yet straight into it so be prepared if you're reading this. back in january of 2023 i got into a relationship with my now ex girlfriend, after the breakup i felt like i had to do whatever i could to get back with her because i felt lost without her. i loved her but she ended up losing feelings, and those feelings i still had for her would not go away. we broke up sometime during april, which isn't necessarily to long ago. a bit after the breakup i'm going to say the beginning of may i had met a boy, he and i started chatting and eventually it led to him having romantic feelings for me. at first i thought i was only interested in him because he reminded me of my ex, but then i realised how different they were and i realised i did like him for him. my ex is in a new relationship, so i figured maybe it's time i move on as well. me and this guy have a strong connection, we're both romantically interested as well. but there is an issue, he was previously straight prior to meeting me. and as a trans dude that's a major red flag because that means he sees me as a woman, he did misgender me at the beginning. and told me how my transition would effect him, but because of my feelings for him i brushed those clear red flags aside and he told me he'd work on his problematic thinking because he wanted to be with me. which i thought was genuine. but lately he's been really playing with my feelings. i struggle with mental illness, he doesn't have much relationship experience and doesn't know much about the lgbtq or mental health. he said it was stressing him out and told me how he isn't good for me ect, but then came back the next day saying the opposite and writing me paragraphs about how he thinks we'd be perfect. he keeps going back and forth as if he doesn't know what he wants, and i think we both know how it ends but are in denial. and it hurts. he and i just had an argument over this and he asked me to let him sleep on it, i think later we're going to end whatever we have going on. but it's so hard to accept because i really do like him. this probably sounds like some shitty teenage romance but i do not feel anything for people as easy as that, i thought i was using him as a rebound but figured out whatever i was feeling is genuine. but now he's unsure and it's so stressful, i feel nauseous thinking about it. he tells me i make him a better person but then comes back saying that i make him feel sick, its ridiculous. i just don't know what to do, it'll hurt me more to cut him off but it'll destroy me if i don't.
(i'm sorry for any typos its 6 in the morning as i'm typing this and i haven't slept.)

So, I met this girl Kylea. About 2 years ago. She was dating my co-worker's son. This was back when I used to work at a liquor store. She started working there too and because we were pretty much the only people our age, and because we worked with each other so much, I kind of developed a crush on her. I was 2 months out of a year long relationship. We used to flirt(jokingly) all the time. I never thought too much about it. Then my co-workers(not her boyfriend's mom) started pointing it out that she might have a crush on me too. Apparently, she made it pretty obvious but I'm just dense like that. She started telling me things about her relationship and how her boyfriend was kind of abusive. One Sunday night when it was just us two in the store and it was pretty quiet, she came on to me pretty strong. I was 23 at the time and pretty lonely, going through some of the worst years of life. I had just lost my mom to cancer the year before and had just broken up with my girlfriend because I didn't feel my heart was into the relationship anymore. I wasn't finding joy in anything, other than going to work and getting to spend time with Kylea. She was so much like me, we pretty much became best friends. That Sunday night, we figured we would eventually end up fucking. I knew she was in a relationship, and I wasn't looking for one, so I assumed we were on the same page. Next week, I picked her up, brought her home and we did it. Not to brag or anything, but it was the best sex of her life, and mine. She came about 6 times and took me an hour and half to finish. We were exhausted, and she was so sore she couldn't walk. The ride back to drop her off was weird. She was looking at me differently. She came over again the next day. This time as well, all that passion and sexual tension of months led to great sex. She said she loved me in the middle of it, while looking into my eyes. I said it back. After that night she never left my place. Her boyfriend eventually found out after a week or so(I had asked her to tell him, and end things with him like an adult plenty of times). Around the same time my roommates were fed up with me too because of Kylea staying over all the time. She moved back with her parents, and after getting kicked out of my place, I couch surfed at a friend's for a month and a half, and eventually(after about 5 months) found a place for me and Kylea. She moved in after a month and half. We had both quit our jobs and moved to a new city, looking to start a new life. We were talking about marriage all the time, and having sex, laughing, dancing. I was in love. And I believe so was she. She couldn't find a job and I was on a work permit in a foreign country, which was ending in 4 months. I took care of her and covered her for the next 5 months. We decided we would just get married so I could get residency and keep on working. We wanted to have kids and our own place. I was 24 and we had been dating for over a year, I was sure that this was the woman I was going to marry. I met her family, and she was the first girl I ever introduced to my family. I was her first boyfriend that her family liked. Everything was perfect. Then, this January, she got fired from her job for nothing that was her fault. I'll admit that she did not deserve that. I truly believe that. But before moving forward, let me give you all some context. She was still texting her exes while she was with me, and when I found out and confronted her, she got mad. She started punching me and shoving me, and I managed to keep myself in check. I picked up my basketball and left to go play ball so I could not think about it. It didn't work. Then she came looking for me, crying and apologizing, and I melted. I could not not forgive her. I loved her. She said she wouldn't do it again and I forgot about it. Coming back to January 2023(the whole texting thing happened in August 2022), she got fired and next month happened to be her turn to pay rent. I bought her hair dye, a hair straightener and a new hair dryer because she had always wanted one, and I wanted to see her in better spirits. She dyed her hair the next day. She straightened her hair the day after that. Day after that she met me outside the house, and she was looking gorgeous. She had makeup on, and red straight hair. I was blown away, truly happy and ecstatic. Delighted even, because she seemed to be in a better mood. She said she was going to go to her mom's place for the night. I said okay and kissed her, and told her I loved her. She said she loved me too. She gave me a tight squeeze, and said goodbye. For some reason, that night, her leaving made me really sad. Almost to the point of tears, as if I knew that was the last time I would get to see her. She picked that up too and told me not to cry over her, as she shut the door behind her. Next three days I kept texting her and waiting for her reply. She would send me a single text every night, saying she was going to stay one more night. I trusted her. The fourth day, Friday, I got off work and was looking forward to coming home to her. She wasn't home still. I texted her but didn't get a reply. And then I made a mistake, I texted her mom. I asked her mom if she could get Kylea to reply to my texts, and her mom told me that she wasn't there, nor had she been for a while. I broke, then and there. I texted her the screenshot of her mom's text and told her not to come home. I asked her if she was cheating on me, she said no and that she was with a friend(refused to say who, said "does it even matter") and just needed some space to think things through. We were supposed to get married the next month. After that, she blocked me and wouldn't reply to her mom, or me. After a month of a constant stream of texts, and just general degeneracy, I stopped texting her. Then my manager from the liquor store texts me and tells me that she saw Kylea, with her ex. The one she told me used to hit her. The one she told me was an alcoholic, to the point where he had trouble getting an erection. The dude was a couple of years younger than me. I turned 25 last month, and its been 4 months since she left. I have no answers. I don't know what I did wrong. Maybe it's karma, maybe its just bad luck. I know I'm not the only person this has happened to, but it still hurts so much. I keep thinking about her from time to time. I keep getting Google photos memories of her and me. I can't bring myself to look at the pictures, nor delete them. I even downloaded Tinder again, on the advice of some friends. I've talked to some girls and tried to put myself out there. To find a distraction, to find someone better, or to find someone I deserve, however good or bad I am. Her cheating on me was not my fault, but I can't help but blame myself, for being so naive, and stupid.
Kylea, you'll probably never see this, and honestly I hope you don't. I don't want to give you the satisfaction of thinking that you found something else(while you were with me), and I'm still struggling to come to terms with the fact that its over.
I remember you crying and telling me how much you loved me, and how I didn't realize how much I meant to you, outside that Indian restaurant on 90th Ave and Scott Rd.
I remember you preferred my chicken and alfredo pasta over everything else I'd cook for you.
I remember you telling me, a month before you left me, on Christmas Eve, how happy you were that your mom and dad liked me. That your sisters liked me. And how much that meant to you.
I remember you telling me how you would stick with me through everything, and that you would never cheat on me.
I remember telling you things about my mom I have never told anyone.
I remember your favorite drinks, and favorite spots to chill.
I remember how much you loved Dom(my best friend's kid), and how I had no answer for him when he asked me where you were.
I remember all the things I gave you and all the things you gave me because I had to go through all our stuff and seperate it, so your parents could come pick it up.
I remember everything, and nothing.
Jinu

https://imgur.com/a/Ce77kAi/
I’m using this LED controller in my truck with an RGB LED light strip kit, and have it wired into my trucks doors in a way that dims the interior lights after 15 seconds. The dimming comes that way from the factory.
However, this controller is an RGB controller with a remote, and doesn’t work natively with dimming, which I’m assuming sends a series of intermittent pulses slowly spreading apart.
When the rest of the lights dim, these lights shut off directly.
What is odd to me is that if I let the lights dim out, the first time I open the doors, the lights are reset back to the controller default, which is to rapidly blink between red, blue and green. If I don’t alter anything, and then let the lights dim out, then open the door again, the lights go back to my chosen color from before.
So the controller remembers my choice, but only goes back to it every other time.
What I’d like to do is prevent the dimming from being sent to the light strip, maybe using a capacitor or something to buffer the input. But I’m not entirely sure if that’s possible or feasible.

Hello, I currently have 8 downlight in one room. They are wired to 2 switches. 4 lights per switch. The current bulbs are 120v 14w 60hz LED lights. I went to install the Hue Downlights. No plug change was required. The hue bulbs state 120v 12w 60hz. I am able to put 3 of the Hue lights in without issue with 1 regular light remaining. Once I go to install the 4th hue light, all of the lights in the bank go out. Changing it back to 1 regular light and 3 hue lights returns power to the bank.
I am prepared to thing its a Phillips hue issue and not an electrical issue, but was wondering if going from a 14w to a 12w bulb could cause the issue? Thank you for any help you could guide me to.