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Treasure Nr. & Year	Rare & Retro Sets	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Diretide 1. 2022	Dark Behemoth	Primal Beast	40💲	6
Diretide 1. 2022	Blue Horizons	Marci	15💲	14	1
Diretide 2. 2022	Brands of the Reaper	AntiMage	25💲	2
Aghanim's. 2021	Wrath of the Celestial Sentinel	Chaos Knight	50💲	1
Aghanim's. 2021	Pyrexae Polymorph Perfected	Ogre Magi	30💲	1
Cache 1. 2019	Gothic Whisper	Phantom Assassin	95💲	1
Cache 2. 2019	Cinder Sensei	Ember Spirit	145💲	4
Cache 1. 2019	Defender of Ruin	Disruptor	20💲	3
Cache 2. 2019	Fowl Omen	Necrophos	15💲	5
Cache 2. 2018	Cruelties of the Spiral Bore	Magnus	50💲	2
Cache 2. 2018	The Rat King	Chen	8💲	2
Collection 2022	Charms of the Firefiend	Batrider	1💲	1	1

​

Diretide Cache 2. 2022	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Darkbrews Transgression	Alchemist	8💲	2
Withering Pain	Clinkz	8💲	2
Dawn of Darkness Foretold	Doom	8💲	2
Sacred Chamber Guardian	Huskar	8💲	2
Bird of Prey	Legion Commander	8💲	2	1
Feasts of Forever	Night Stalker	8💲	2
Freebot Fortunes	Ogre Magi	8💲	2
Transcendent Path	Oracle	10💲	1
Darkfeather Factioneer	Phantom Assassin	10💲	1
Cursed Cryptbreaker	Pudge	15💲	1
Grand Suppressor	Silencer	8💲	3
War Rig Eradicators	Techie	8💲	1
Acrimonies of Obsession	Vengeful Spirit	8💲	3

​

Diretide Cache 1. 2022	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Hounds of Obsession	Chen	8💲	13
Seadog's stash	Clockwerk	8💲	12
Starlorn Adjudicator	Dawnbreaker	8💲	10
Chines of the Inquisitor	Faceless Void	8💲	13	1
Shadowleaf Insurgent	Hoodwink	10💲	10
Champion of the Fire Lotus	Monkey King	8💲	14
Crimson Dawn	Phoenix	8💲	13
Scarlet Subversion	Riki	8💲	13	1
Whippersnapper	Snapfire	10💲	10
Spoils of the shadow veil	Spectre	8💲	12	1
Forgotten Station	Terrorblade	8💲	11
Dirge Amplifier	Undying	8💲	12
Trophies of the Hallowed Hunt	Ursa	8💲	13	2
Deathstitch Shaman	Witch Doctor	8💲	12

​

Aghanim's Cache 2021	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Blightfall	Abaddon	12💲	3
Cosmic Concoctioneers	Alchemist	16💲	1	1
Secrets of the Frost Singularity	Ancient Apparition	12💲	2
Days of the Demon	Axe	15💲	1
Widow of the Undermount Gloom	Broodmother	10💲	2
Perils of the Red Banks	Chen	12💲	4
Apex Automated	Clockwerk	25💲	1
Perception of the First Light	Dawnbreaker	25💲	2	1
Silverwurm Sacrifice	Dragon Knight	20💲	1	1
The Chained Scribe	Grimstroke	10💲	2
Forgotten Fate	Mars	15💲	2
Scales of the Shadow Walker	Phantom Lancer	8💲	3
Test of the Basilisk Lord	Razor	10💲	1
March of the Crackerjack Mage	Rubick	10💲	1

​

Cache 2. 2019	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Endless Night	Abbadon	15💲	1
Prized Acquisitions	Batrider	10💲	2
Fury of the Bloodforge	BloodSeeker	10💲	4
Automaton Antiquity	BroodMother	12💲	3
Directive of the Sunbound	Clockwerk	12💲	2
Sight of the Kha-Ren Faithful	Drow Ranger	20💲	3	1
Souls Tyrant	Shadow Fiend	25💲	4
Distinguished Expeditionary	Tusk	10💲	1
Verdant Predator	Venomancer	10💲	2
Tribal Pathways⠀	Warlock	10💲	4

​

Cache 1. 2019	Hero	Price	Stock	Reserved
Echoes of the Everblack	Abaddon	16💲	2
Priest of the Proudsilver Clan	Chen	10💲	2
Allure of the Fadeshade Flower	Dark Willow	20💲	2
Forbidden Medicines	Dazzle	10💲	2
Soul of the Brightshroud	Death Prophet	15💲	1
Scorched Amber	Dragon Knight	20💲	1
Glimmer of Sacred Hunt	Drow Ranger	45💲	1
The Arts of Mortal Deception	Enigma	12💲	2
Pursuit of the Ember Demons	Huskar	20💲	2
Riddle of the Hierophant	Oracle	8💲	1
Appetites of the Lizard King	Slark	20💲	1
Poacher's Bane	Tidehunter	18💲	2
Curse of the Creeping Vine	Undying	12💲	3

Genuine Weather Effect can be traded without delay

Genuine Weather	Price	Stock	reserved
Ash	7💲	6
Snow	4💲	11
Rain	4💲	11
Moonbeam	4💲	10
Aurora	3💲	25
Harvest	3💲	12
Spring	3💲	11
Pestilence	2💲	11
Sirocco	2💲	11
Total	32💲	6	1

5% Discount when paying with Cryptocurrencies
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Mistake again.

On 29th May 2023, I work this Adhoc job at the condo. When I eat the bread, I take out the plate, the plastic break. After eating, when I go and throw the rubbish. Maybe the wind too big, maybe the wind blow the plate on the floor but I never realize that. The next day when I reach home, I go and find my plate, I cannot find. I made a big mistake of losing my plastic plate. This type of mistake shouldn't have happened. On 1st June 2023, I work this Adhoc job at another condo. My phone put on the vehicle sheet. Then I was outside the condo, checking the vehicle. So when they come, I ask what number they are going to. Then I accidentally dropped my phone on the floor. So not only I lost my plastic plate, I also dropped my phone on the floor. On 3rd June 2023, in the morning after I finish my night shift work, again I make mistake. So I went to the bus stop to wait for the bus. So I wait and wait and wait, I buay tahan already. So I think, maybe I walk straight turn left got other bus numbers. As I walk away, less than 2 mins, the bus already come. I made a big mistake of not continue to wait few more minutes. As a result, I need to wait for more than 10 more mins for the next bus. So this is a mistake that shouldn't have happened.

Can share with your fans why you have not informed your wife about your BDSM activities since you say its not cheating, why you never tell your wife ?

While this is not cheating, this is actually a sia suay thing. Even though this is not cheating, my wife will feel very very sia suay if she finds out that her husband becomes a dog for a 22 years old (last year). Now is 23 years old beautiful chiobu girl. Because my wife say we are human being. We are not dogs. Because its a sia suay thing. That is why didn't tell her. Because she will be angry.

The way you eat and drink is very harmful to your health. Since you are at polyclinic now, can you go and request for a complete blood test ? Check for cholesterol and sugar level. Please consider a blood test please. Its not normal to drink 6 cans of soft drinks in a single meal.

BDBYZD Its not normal for a normal human being to drink 6 cans of soft drinks but however, I am not a normal human being. I am a human God. 50% human 50% God. For a human God like me, there's no need for me to do what blood test. So I am a human God. Don't worry man. Don't worry.

What if BDSM mistresses see you, they no wet ?

BDBYZD The BDSM mistresses. The purpose of attending the BDSM session is not to make them wet. Because you are not going to have sex with them. So why they need to feel wet ? The purpose is for them to feel shiok, not to feel wet. When the BDSM mistresses punish/humiliate/torture the slaves, they will feel shiok. They no need to feel wet. All they need to feel is feel shiok. They will feel happy. They will feel shiok to punish/humiliate and torture you. Most of the BDSM mistresses when they know its me. Confirm they will feel excited. Because I am Singapore famous YouTube sensation, Facebook sensation, Instagram sensation, TikTok sensation. They confirm will feel high. Will feel excited.

Who are the top 3 BDSM mistresses in Singapore ? Is Princess Yura number 2 ?

Its not fair for me to tell you who are the top 3 BDSM mistresses when I have not engage all the BDSM mistresses. So this question is a bit unfair to answer. Because I never try all the other BDSM mistresses services yet. So how can I tell you who is number 1 ? Based on what I have engage before. Like I say I have engage 3 BDSM mistresses before. Currently out of these 3, Mistress Luna currently is number 1. Why I say No 1 ? When I engage Goddess Mistress Luna, she just started her BDSM career. That time she have no experience at all. That time when I want to look for BDSM mistresses, Mistress Luna has not started her career yet. When she just started her career, I was one of the first few slaves who engaged her. I can say that I engaged her in the very very first month of her BDSM mistress job. In her very very first month. Even though Mistress Luna just started BDSM business and I just engaged her, she looks professional. The way she punish/humiliate/torture me, I couldn't tell that she is a new beginner. Its like she's a professional. Its so well done. Let me explain to you why. The first BDSM mistress I engage. She say she got few years of BDSM experience. Let me point out what are her problem. The first BDSM mistress I engage, she need to read the script. After she punish me, she need to read the script. Next one is what what what. She cannot remember the script. She need to see her phone what is the next one I want. But Goddess Mistress Luna, she doesn't need to do that. She's very very pro. Very professional. Before the session, I tell her what I want. She can remember all on her mind, on her brain, what is next she want to do to me, what is next she want to punish me. The first BDSM mistress, when she slap my face. She scared I feel painful. When she slap my face. She say "can or not. can or not" This spoil my mood. Imagine you watch the wrestling match, you punch the wrestler then you ask the wrestler "my punch can or not. you feel pain or not. the punch can or not" This spoil the whole script. You don't watch wrestling. People punch then say can or not. Or you watch the porn, you slap the slave then you ask the slave can or not. Because you see before the session, I already tell the BDSM mistress "just slap my face as hard as you can" In the end, she scared scared scared. But Mistress Luna is different. I like the way she torture me because she knows what I want. She can give me what I want. She don't show mercy to me which is what I want. For example that time Mistress Luna cane my buttocks. She cane and cane and cane. I feel super super painful. But she never show mercy to me which is why I like it. Don't because I screaming in pain then the BDSm mistress starts to show mercy to me. Maybe cane more soft or stop canning. No. Don't care. Just continue to cane me as hard as she can. The hardest she can. Don't show mercy. So I super loved it when Mistress Luna doesn't show mercy to me. The more I scream, the more hard she cane me. The more strokes she cane me. I super loved it. And I can tell you man, the first time I engage her, that was during Mistress Luna's first month. If you see her Twitter, she starts her career on May 2022 but I engage her even before she started her Twitter. I engage her on April 2022. I was one of the very few slaves who engage her. And after that I want to engage her again and again because I felt that her services good. I like it. Like I say, I never engage all the other BDSM mistresses in Singapore before so its not fair to rate how good they are. Like Princess Yura all these I dunno cos I never engage them before. So its very hard to give you their ranking. Out of 3 mistresses I engage, Mistress Luna is number 1.

Will you start your slave business. Be a slave to others ?

Luna say I don't look like Master ? Since when did Mistress Luna say that ? People say that if I become a slave, confirm got many people pay me to whack me. Let me answer you this question. I mention before. I am not gay. I am not interested in guys. I am not going to earn few hundred dollars just for a guy to punish me because my haters 99.99%, they are guys. They are men. So I am not interested. Even that time on my Telegram, got someone say "what if a man offer me $3000" You see it doesn't matter if a man offer me $2000 or $3000 or $4000 or $5000, I will not accept it because I don't like to be punished and humiliated by a men because I am not gay. I don't feel high. I don't feel shiok. I don't like to be a slave to a man. Only a woman. And the woman must be a chiobu. Cannot be too fat. Cannot be too old. Cannot be too ugly. So if open the slaves business and i only want ladies, its impossible to earn. Because usually those ladies who like to punish slaves, the male slaves are the ones to pay money to the BDSM mistresses to get the services. Its impossible for the lady to pay money to punish a slave. You have to pay the money to the girls for them for them to punish you. The idea of open slave business will not work. Because like I say, I am not interested to be a slave for guys, for men. I see the men. My kukujiao cannot stand. I only interested in beautiful chiobu. Btw, ladies are called Mistress not Master. So don't say I got Master. I don't have Master. I only got Mistresses.

[to be continued]

I (16 f) have a cousin (23 f) we’ll call her C. So some back story, me and my cousin have been super close since I was born because she doesn’t have any siblings and me and my brother (13 m) are her only cousins, so we’ve been super close and in the begging 2022 we had a falling out about something petty and we finally started talking again in September of last year because of a school project that she was helping with, so me and my dad went out there in October of last year and spent 2 weeks there, we got super close and then a few months later we moved there as my dad bought a house out there, we lived there until moving back to where I’ve grown up. Now to the actual story, so basically my cousin likes to talk a lot of shit, she’s has even talked shit about her own sons who are (1 m and 2 m), so she said to me ‘I’m not happy your dad is staying with us because I don’t want to be his house wife’ and I found that funny because when we lived there I took care of her kids/ cleaned and my mom cooked for them every night so I just laughed it off a few nights later I told my mom because I thought it was funny, my mom told my dad so my dad told my grandma and my grandma asked her about it so then she stopped talking to me. About 3 days ago I cut my hair short again because I haven’t cut it for 5 years and I was super excited, she didn’t answer so I told her how it upsetted me, she got mad at me and I sent her a really long text because I hurt me because we were so close together and another thing that made me snap is that anytime my parents think I have something like adhd and autism which I’m getting tested for this month so she keeps saying that she has autism but won’t get tested because she says her kids will get taken so I finally snapped at her but now I’m feeling sorta like TIA so am I?
Edit: I’m sorry if this is hard to read I tried my hardest :)

6/1/2023 Fall Guys - Blorbius the Despiser
6/1/2023 Midnight Ghost Hunt
5/26/2023 Coldest Circles Quest Pack
5/19/2023 DEATH STRANDING
5/13/2023 The Sims™ 4 The Daring Lifestyle Bundle
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6/30/2022 Iratus: Lord of the DeadIratus: Lord of the Dead
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5/21/2022 Borderlands 3
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3/24/2022 EVE Online - Superluminal Pack
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3/3/2022 Epic Slayer Kit
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2/25/2022 Cris Tales
2/17/2022 Brothers - A Tale of Two Sons
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12/30/2021 Tomb Raider GAME OF THE YEAR EDITION
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5/28/2020 Sludge Life
5/28/2020 Borderlands: The Handsome Collection
5/21/2020 Sid Meier's Civilization VI
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2/14/2020 Aztez
2/14/2020 HD Voice Pack - English
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2/14/2020 HD Sound Pack
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2/14/2020 Kingdom Come: Deliverance
2/6/2020 Ticket to Ride
2/6/2020 Carcassonne
1/30/2020 Farming Simulator 19
1/23/2020 The Bridge
1/16/2020 Horace
1/10/2020 Sundered Eldritch Edition
1/1/2020 Darksiders Warmastered Edition
1/1/2020 Steep
1/1/2020 Darksiders II Deathinitive Edition
1/1/2020 Yooka-Laylee and the Impossible Lair
12/30/2019 Hello Neighbor
12/29/2019 The Talos Principle
12/26/2019 Faster Than Light
12/23/2019 Ape Out
12/13/2019 The Wolf Among Us
12/13/2019 The Escapists
12/5/2019 Jotun Valhalla Edition
11/29/2019 Rayman Legends
11/21/2019 Bad North Jotunn Edition
11/15/2019 The Messenger
11/7/2019 Nuclear Throne
11/7/2019 RUINER
10/31/2019 SOMA
10/24/2019 Layers of Fear
10/24/2019 Q.U.B.E. 2
10/17/2019 >observer_
10/17/2019 Alan Wake's American Nightmare
10/10/2019 Surviving Mars - Mysteries Resupply Pack
10/10/2019 Surviving Mars - Space Race
10/10/2019 Surviving Mars
10/4/2019 Minit
9/26/2019 Metro: 2033 Redux
9/26/2019 Everything
9/19/2019 Lego Batman Trilogy
9/19/2019 Batman Arkham - Trilogy
9/18/2019 Conarium
8/29/2019 Inside
8/29/2019 Celeste
8/23/2019 Fez
8/21/2019 The Cycle Early Access
8/15/2019 Mutant Year Zero
8/15/2019 Hyper Light Drifter
8/8/2019 GNOG
8/3/2019 Alan Wake
8/3/2019 For Honor Standard Edition
7/25/2019 This War of Mine
7/25/2019 Moonlighter
7/18/2019 Limbo
7/11/2019 Torchlight
7/4/2019 Overcooked
7/3/2019 Dauntless
7/3/2019 Last Day of June

arduino Monthly digest for 2023-05

Wiki updates

During the course of this month we received our first wiki contribution from one of our members.
u/Bitwise_Gamgee has contribute a guide that explains the difference between delay() and millis() and some use cases for both.
Have a look at our latest wiki guide A better delay using millis supplied by u/Bitwise_Gamgee.
After checking out that page, you might want to browse some of our other wiki resources including:

• FAQs
• Glossary
• A list of Milestones that Arduino has achieved.

Other resources

If you are new, or want to provide guidance to new users who are unaware of how to properly create "please help me" style posts, you might want to refer them to any (or all) of these "how to post" guides.

• How to post tips - especially useful if you are seeking help,
• Getting started guides,
• Fixing Upload Issues
• Learning about Breadboards
• and even more guides

You can always access the Wiki (and these digests) by selecting the Wiki or Monthly Digest menu items situated at the top of the Arduino feed.
Don't forget to check out our wiki for up to date guides, FAQ, milestones, glossary and more.
You can find our wiki at the top of the Arduino posts feed and in our "tools/reference" sidebar panel. The sidebar also has a selection of links to additional useful information and tools.

Moderator's Choices

Title	Author	Score	Comments
A nuclear power plant with some issues	u/netzmensch	1,045	71
Testing Speech Recognition(Voice User I...	u/0015dev	578	54
PSA: You're probably using delay() when...	u/Bitwise_Gamgee	324	51
Robotic arm control with muscle command...	u/the_3d6	166	14
Coffee fountain	u/fire-marshmallow	130	21
Made a Newton's cradle that never stops	u/XienixPS	13	3
What have you accomplished with your ar...	u/simonniz	3	20

Top Posts

Title	Author	Score	Comments
A nuclear power plant with some issues	u/netzmensch	1,045	71
Finally AMOLED display on the developme...	u/Volos2016	783	77
Update	u/51herringsinabar	730	55
386V Multistage CoilGun	u/Cali_or-Bust	685	69
I made a mouse from toy gun	u/cevatssr	674	53
Testing Speech Recognition(Voice User I...	u/0015dev	578	54
This is T-display S3, ESP32 board porgr...	u/Volos2016	544	17
There comes a time in every person's li...	u/Working_Celery_8958	541	69
I made an Arduino-Based Breath-Controll...	u/Polypeptide	526	45
Esp32-iLi9341 Vader's Tie Hud	u/Kick-bak-AU	507	18

Look what I made posts

Title	Author	Score	Comments
I made a mouse from toy gun	u/cevatssr	674	53
I made a RC Truck LED Police Light Flas...	u/HAZI_TECH	473	45
Arduino spy tech - overhead satellite d...	u/okuboheavyindustries	467	24
I hit a milestone on my arduino journey...	u/Soggy_Stargazer	396	30
A little DIY universal remote control I...	u/cello-mike	389	20
I saw some Mohit Bhoite inspired sculpt...	u/Hookiebookie_	386	50
3D printed Hexagon Heat from Mario Part...	u/adamblake89	386	17
Getting friendly with FastLED.	u/SkyFoxIV	365	20
I made an Arduino gameboy	u/fueled_by_noodles	348	23
Robot lander circuit sculpture	u/okuboheavyindustries	340	32
Phone controlled door lock	u/koiyaboi	253	64
My first project!	u/Aardkak2	238	24
Just a simple little barometer	u/Akul_24	171	16
The next birthday present: A fully auto...	u/netzmensch	162	15
Prosthetic arm that works on any muscle...	u/jerzku	156	9
I couldn't find a wifi thermometer with...	u/keatonatron	154	20
Advanced Line Follower Version 2.0!	u/Sagnicbasu	141	7
Current Todos: fix the eye, give him a ...	u/Renegade_Designer	127	9
Robotic arm without 3d printer	u/Flashy-Specialist-69	112	12
Fun arm project	u/froggyCaller	96	13
Developed a Bluetooth Robot Car that ca...	u/parikshitpagare	88	22
Arduino to control the dinosaur game	u/klim_ma	86	12
LED Animated Keychain ATtiny85	u/HAZI_TECH	83	13
my first star wars droid!	u/fire-marshmallow	81	7
Checking which satellites are above the...	u/okuboheavyindustries	74	7
First Arduino project -- SOS	u/tobiasosor	64	14
My First kinematics and robotics projec...	u/Jaseemakhtar	52	9
Today i had the prestation of my agroro...	u/Cool-Foundation	49	13
Long range arduino drone plane: comms s...	u/DadGaveMeStepSis4Xms	47	19
Finally finished my IOT mood light proj...	u/mylvasur000	36	13
Update on the Arduino Gameboy I made fr...	u/fueled_by_noodles	26	4
I made a Modern LED Matrix Motorcycle /...	u/HAZI_TECH	23	14
My newest handwired macropad is actuall...	u/Joe_Scotto	17	7
Built a complete Smart Home Automation ...	u/parikshitpagare	16	2
I Made an App for My bluetooth controll...	u/potatoGOD_14	13	3
Anemometer wind speed sensor I made for...	u/toicsics	11	8
Simple LCD I2C game	u/Smart_Panda_430	11	1
Arduino-based robot that precisely thro...	u/Ski3989	11	15
Robot Hand Controlled Via Serial	u/Delicious-Power7793	8	0
Approved undergraduate research project...	u/shakemytable	7	0
Using an EMG sensor for gaming	u/iketsj	7	3
Enjoying my FM radio🥺	u/electric_potato_v1	7	1
CO2 air quality measurer (MH Z19C, wemo...	u/T0biasCZE	7	0
Spek Calendar	u/AlfaFoxtrot0	7	1
Beating Pokemon with an Arduino!	u/LjubomirMicic	6	0
TiMiNoo prototype board 01	u/tme520	6	2
I made a MIDI omnichord guitar with an ...	u/cryopotat0	5	4
Car game I made with gpt	u/CreativeAd5757	5	1
LCD display incorporated into led grow ...	u/hhcib_channel	5	2
My first Arduino project - Radio Alarm ...	u/Key-Candy-1644	4	1
Making my own robot companion! Part one...	u/jjxie1234	4	0
Stereo Digital FM Transmitter Circuit (...	u/MyVanitar	3	2
Feedback much appreciated for my IoT sm...	u/Westend1991	2	2
Arduino Spectrophotometer project	u/UnheardHealer85	2	5
Check out this cool Adafruit 64x64 RGB ...	u/Morten_Nibe	2	1
Finished grow light prototype	u/hhcib_channel	2	1
Chat with ChatGPT through Arduino IoT C...	u/beta_max_76	1	1
Motion activated Mjolnir from God of Wa...	u/TJL6012	1	0
210x WS2812b LEDs arranged as the lette...	u/SparkesCreative	1	5
DIY Electric Wheelbarrow (WORLDS BIGGES...	u/FitzDude	0	5
Buy me a coffee fountain	u/fire-marshmallow	0	12
I made an unusual beer cup holder	u/Thefedmogchallenge	0	0
Random amen breaks generator (Code avai...	u/Audiowanderer	0	0
Europe Truck simulator Brake Light Cont...	u/Prabeen1	0	0
I made a video about a universal remote...	u/aranjello	0	2

Total: 65 posts

Summary of Post types:

Flair	Count
Algorithms	2
Beginner's Project	36
ChatGPT	7
Fourth is strong in this one	1
Games	1
Hardware Help	1
Hardware Help I2S	1
Hardware Help Soldering	1
Hardware Help!	3
Hardware Help, maybe Software Help	1
Hardware/Software Help	2
Help	1
Libraries	4
Look what I found!	4
Look what I made!	65
Look what I'm going to make!	1
Mega	3
Mod's Choice!	7
Nano	4
Pipeline Diagnostics and Inspection w/ mmWave	1
Potentially Dangerous Project	2
Pro Micro	1
Project of the Month Entry	2
School Project	1
School Project (Geocaching Puzzle Box )	1
School Project Help	1
Software Help	1
Software Help (Mega/Due)	0
Software Help (Mega/Due) [Solved]	1
Software Help for Uno	1
Software Help, Arduino DUE timers	1
Solved	20
Uno	14
Wire Help	1
You choose!	1
beginner help	1
help	1
no flair	436
schematic	1

Total: 1020 posts in 2023-05

The Airbus A300 is a wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Airbus. In September 1967, aircraft manufacturers in the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany signed a memorandum of understanding to develop a large airliner. West Germany and France reached an agreement on 29 May 1969 after the British withdrew from the project on 10 April 1969. European collaborative aerospace manufacturer Airbus Industrie was formally created on 18 December 1970 to develop and produce it. The prototype first flew on 28 October 1972.
The first twin-engine widebody airliner, the A300 typically seats 247 passengers in two classes over a range of 5,375 to 7,500 km (2,900 to 4,050 nmi). Initial variants are powered by General Electric CF6-50 or Pratt & Whitney JT9D turbofans and have a three-crew flight deck. The improved A300-600 has a two-crew cockpit and updated CF6-80C2 or PW4000 engines; it made its first flight on 8 July 1983 and entered service later that year. The A300 is the basis of the smaller A310 (first flown in 1982) and was adapted in a freighter version. Its cross section was retained for the larger four-engined A340 (1991) and the larger twin-engined A330 (1992). It is also the basis for the oversize Beluga transport (1994).
Launch customer Air France introduced the type on 23 May 1974. After limited demand initially, sales took off as the type was proven in early service, beginning three decades of steady orders. It has a similar capacity to the Boeing 767-300, introduced in 1986, but lacked the 767-300ER range. During the 1990s, the A300 became popular with cargo aircraft operators, as both passenger airliner conversions and as original builds. Production ceased in July 2007 after 561 deliveries. As of March 2023, there were 228 A300 family aircraft in commercial service.
Origins:
During the 1960s, European aircraft manufacturers such as Hawker Siddeley and the British Aircraft Corporation, based in the UK, and Sud Aviation of France, had ambitions to build a new 200-seat airliner for the growing civil aviation market. While studies were performed and considered, such as a stretched twin-engine variant of the Hawker Siddeley Trident and an expanded development of the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) One-Eleven, designated the BAC Two-Eleven, it was recognized that if each of the European manufacturers were to launch similar aircraft into the market at the same time, neither would achieve sales volume needed to make them viable.[2] In 1965, a British government study, known as the Plowden Report, had found British aircraft production costs to be between 10% and 20% higher than American counterparts due to shorter production runs, which was in part due to the fractured European market. To overcome this factor, the report recommended the pursuit of multinational collaborative projects between the region's leading aircraft manufacturers.[3]: 49 [4][5]: 2–13
European manufacturers were keen to explore prospective programs; the proposed 260-seat wide-body HBN 100 between Hawker Siddeley, Nord Aviation, and Breguet Aviation being one such example.[2][6]: 37–38 National governments were also keen to support such efforts amid a belief that American manufacturers could dominate the European Economic Community;[7] in particular, Germany had ambitions for a multinational airliner project to invigorate its aircraft industry, which had declined considerably following the Second World War.[3]: 49–50 During the mid-1960s, both Air France and American Airlines had expressed interest in a short-haul twin-engine wide-body aircraft, indicating a market demand for such an aircraft to be produced.[3][8] In July 1967, during a high-profile meeting between French, German, and British ministers, an agreement was made for greater cooperation between European nations in the field of aviation technology, and "for the joint development and production of an airbus".[2][9]: 34 The word airbus at this point was a generic aviation term for a larger commercial aircraft, and was considered acceptable in multiple languages, including French.[9]: 34
Shortly after the July 1967 meeting, French engineer Roger Béteille was appointed as the technical director of what would become the A300 program, while Henri Ziegler, chief operating office of Sud Aviation, was appointed as the general manager of the organization and German politician Franz Josef Strauss became the chairman of the supervisory board.[2] Béteille drew up an initial work share plan for the project, under which French firms would produce the aircraft's cockpit, the control systems, and lower-center portion of the fuselage, Hawker Siddeley would manufacture the wings, while German companies would produce the forward, rear and upper part of the center fuselage sections. Addition work included moving elements of the wings being produced in the Netherlands, and Spain producing the horizontal tail plane.[2][6]: 38
An early design goal for the A300 that Béteille had stressed the importance of was the incorporation of a high level of technology, which would serve as a decisive advantage over prospective competitors. As such, the A300 would feature the first use of composite materials of any passenger aircraft, the leading and trailing edges of the tail fin being composed of glass fibre reinforced plastic.[5]: 2–16 [10] Béteille opted for English as the working language for the developing aircraft, as well against using Metric instrumentation and measurements, as most airlines already had US-built aircraft.[10] These decisions were partially influenced by feedback from various airlines, such as Air France and Lufthansa, as an emphasis had been placed on determining the specifics of what kind of aircraft that potential operators were seeking. According to Airbus, this cultural approach to market research had been crucial to the company's long-term success.[10]
Workshare and redefinition:
On 26 September 1967, the British, French, and West German governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding to start development of the 300-seat Airbus A300.[6]: 38 [11]: 43 [12]: 57 At this point, the A300 was only the second major joint aircraft programme in Europe, the first being the Anglo-French Concorde.[9] Under the terms of the memorandum, Britain and France were each to receive a 37.5 per cent work share on the project, while Germany received a 25 per cent share. Sud Aviation was recognized as the lead company for A300, with Hawker Siddeley being selected as the British partner company.[2] At the time, the news of the announcement had been clouded by the British Government's support for the Airbus, which coincided with its refusal to back BAC's proposed competitor, the BAC 2–11, despite a preference for the latter expressed by British European Airways (BEA).[9]: 34 Another parameter was the requirement for a new engine to be developed by Rolls-Royce to power the proposed airliner; a derivative of the in-development Rolls-Royce RB211, the triple-spool RB207, capable of producing of 47,500 lbf (211 kN).[13] The program cost was US$4.6 billion (in 1993 Dollars).[14]
​
In December 1968, the French and British partner companies (Sud Aviation and Hawker Siddeley) proposed a revised configuration, the 250-seat Airbus A250. It had been feared that the original 300-seat proposal was too large for the market, thus it had been scaled down to produce the A250.[5]: 2–14 [8][15] The dimensional changes involved in the shrink reduced the length of the fuselage by 5.62 metres (18.4 ft) and the diameter by 0.8 metres (31 in), reducing the overall weight by 25 tonnes (55,000 lb).[10][16]: 16 For increased flexibility, the cabin floor was raised so that standard LD3 freight containers could be accommodated side-by-side, allowing more cargo to be carried. Refinements made by Hawker Siddeley to the wing's design provided for greater lift and overall performance; this gave the aircraft the ability to climb faster and attain a level cruising altitude sooner than any other passenger aircraft.[10] It was later renamed the A300B.[9]: 34 [15]
Perhaps the most significant change of the A300B was that it would not require new engines to be developed, being of a suitable size to be powered by Rolls-Royce's RB211, or alternatively the American Pratt & Whitney JT9D and General Electric CF6 powerplants; this switch was recognized as considerably reducing the project's development costs.[11]: 45 [15][16]: 16–17 To attract potential customers in the US market, it was decided that General Electric CF6-50 engines would power the A300 in place of the British RB207; these engines would be produced in co-operation with French firm Snecma.[8][10] By this time, Rolls-Royce had been concentrating their efforts upon developing their RB211 turbofan engine instead and progress on the RB207's development had been slow for some time, the firm having suffered due to funding limitations, both of which had been factors in the engine switch decision.[5]: 2–13 [15][16]: 17–18
On 10 April 1969, a few months after the decision to drop the RB207 had been announced, the British government announced that they would withdraw from the Airbus venture.[6]: 38–39 [15] In response, West Germany proposed to France that they would be willing to contribute up to 50% of the project's costs if France was prepared to do the same.[15] Additionally, the managing director of Hawker Siddeley, Sir Arnold Alexander Hall, decided that his company would remain in the project as a favoured sub-contractor, developing and manufacturing the wings for the A300, which would later become pivotal in later versions' impressive performance from short domestic to long intercontinental flights.[5]: 2–13 [9]: 34 [16]: 18 Hawker Siddeley spent £35 million of its own funds, along with a further £35 million loan from the West German government, on the machine tooling to design and produce the wings.[6]: 39 [15]
Programme launch:
On 29 May 1969, during the Paris Air Show, French transport minister Jean Chamant and German economics minister Karl Schiller signed an agreement officially launching the Airbus A300, the world's first twin-engine widebody airliner.[2] The intention of the project was to produce an aircraft that was smaller, lighter, and more economical than its three-engine American rivals, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar.[10] In order to meet Air France's demands for an aircraft larger than 250-seat A300B, it was decided to stretch the fuselage to create a new variant, designated as the A300B2, which would be offered alongside the original 250-seat A300B, henceforth referred to as the A300B1. On 3 September 1970, Air France signed a letter of intent for six A300s, marking the first order to be won for the new airliner.[6]: 39 [10][16]: 21
In the aftermath of the Paris Air Show agreement, it was decided that, in order to provide effective management of responsibilities, a Groupement d'intérêt économique would be established, allowing the various partners to work together on the project while remaining separate business entities.[2] On 18 December 1970, Airbus Industrie was formally established following an agreement between Aérospatiale (the newly merged Sud Aviation and Nord Aviation) of France and the antecedents to Deutsche Aerospace of Germany, each receiving a 50 per cent stake in the newly formed company.[3]: 50 [6]: 39 [10] In 1971, the consortium was joined by a third full partner, the Spanish firm CASA, who received a 4.2 per cent stake, the other two members reducing their stakes to 47.9 per cent each.[10][16]: 20 In 1979, Britain joined the Airbus consortium via British Aerospace, which Hawker Siddeley had merged into, which acquired a 20 per cent stake in Airbus Industrie with France and Germany each reducing their stakes to 37.9 per cent.[3]: 53 [5]: 2–14 [6]: 39
Prototype and flight testing:
Airbus Industrie was initially headquartered in Paris, which is where design, development, flight testing, sales, marketing, and customer support activities were centered; the headquarters was relocated to Toulouse in January 1974.[8][10] The final assembly line for the A300 was located adjacent to Toulouse Blagnac International Airport. The manufacturing process necessitated transporting each aircraft section being produced by the partner companies scattered across Europe to this one location. The combined use of ferries and roads were used for the assembly of the first A300, however this was time-consuming and not viewed as ideal by Felix Kracht, Airbus Industrie's production director.[10] Kracht's solution was to have the various A300 sections brought to Toulouse by a fleet of Boeing 377-derived Aero Spacelines Super Guppy aircraft, by which means none of the manufacturing sites were more than two hours away. Having the sections airlifted in this manner made the A300 the first airliner to use just-in-time manufacturing techniques, and allowed each company to manufacture its sections as fully equipped, ready-to-fly assemblies.[3]: 53 [10]
In September 1969, construction of the first prototype A300 began.[16]: 20 On 28 September 1972, this first prototype was unveiled to the public, it conducted its maiden flight from Toulouse–Blagnac International Airport on 28 October that year.[6]: 39 [9]: 34 [11]: 51–52 This maiden flight, which was performed a month ahead of schedule, lasted for one hour and 25 minutes; the captain was Max Fischl and the first officer was Bernard Ziegler, son of Henri Ziegler.[10] In 1972, unit cost was US$17.5M.[17] On 5 February 1973, the second prototype performed its maiden flight.[6]: 39 The flight test program, which involved a total of four aircraft, was relatively problem-free, accumulating 1,580 flight hours throughout.[16]: 22 In September 1973, as part of promotional efforts for the A300, the new aircraft was taken on a six-week tour around North America and South America, to demonstrate it to airline executives, pilots, and would-be customers.[10] Amongst the consequences of this expedition, it had allegedly brought the A300 to the attention of Frank Borman of Eastern Airlines, one of the "big four" U.S. airlines.[18]
Entry into service:
On 15 March 1974, type certificates were granted for the A300 from both German and French authorities, clearing the way for its entry into revenue service.[18] On 23 May 1974, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification was received.[16]: 22 The first production model, the A300B2, entered service in 1974, followed by the A300B4 one year later.[8] Initially, the success of the consortium was poor, in part due to the economic consequences of the 1973 oil crisis,[6]: 40 [8][9]: 34 but by 1979 there were 81 A300 passenger liners in service with 14 airlines, alongside 133 firm orders and 88 options.[18] Ten years after the official launch of the A300, the company had achieved a 26 per cent market share in terms of dollar value, enabling Airbus Industries to proceed with the development of its second aircraft, the Airbus A310.[18]
Design:
The Airbus A300 is a wide-body medium-to-long range airliner; it has the distinction of being the first twin-engine wide-body aircraft in the world.[8][9]: 34 [12]: 57, 60 [19] In 1977, the A300 became the first Extended Range Twin Operations (ETOPS)-compliant aircraft, due to its high performance and safety standards.[6]: 40 Another world-first of the A300 is the use of composite materials on a commercial aircraft, which were used on both secondary and later primary airframe structures, decreasing overall weight and improving cost-effectiveness.[19] Other firsts included the pioneering use of center-of-gravity control, achieved by transferring fuel between various locations across the aircraft, and electrically signaled secondary flight controls.[20]
The A300 is powered by a pair of underwing turbofan engines, either General Electric CF6 or Pratt & Whitney JT9D engines; the sole use of underwing engine pods allowed for any suitable turbofan engine to be more readily used.[12]: 57 The lack of a third tail-mounted engine, as per the trijet configuration used by some competing airliners, allowed for the wings to be located further forwards and to reduce the size of the vertical stabilizer and elevator, which had the effect of increasing the aircraft's flight performance and fuel efficiency.[3]: 50 [16]: 21
Airbus partners had employed the latest technology, some of which having been derived from Concorde, on the A300. According to Airbus, new technologies adopted for the airliner were selected principally for increased safety, operational capability, and profitability.[19] Upon entry into service in 1974, the A300 was a very advanced plane, which went on to influence later airliner designs. The technological highlights include advanced wings by de Havilland (later BAE Systems) with supercritical airfoil sections for economical performance and advanced aerodynamically efficient flight control surfaces. The 5.64 m (222 in) diameter circular fuselage section allows an eight-abreast passenger seating and is wide enough for 2 LD3 cargo containers side by side. Structures are made from metal billets, reducing weight. It is the first airliner to be fitted with wind shear protection. Its advanced autopilots are capable of flying the aircraft from climb-out to landing, and it has an electrically controlled braking system.
Later A300s incorporated other advanced features such as the Forward-Facing Crew Cockpit (FFCC), which enabled a two-pilot flight crew to fly the aircraft alone without the need for a flight engineer, the functions of which were automated; this two-man cockpit concept was a world-first for a wide-body aircraft.[8][16]: 23–24 [20] Glass cockpit flight instrumentation, which used cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors to display flight, navigation, and warning information, along with fully digital dual autopilots and digital flight control computers for controlling the spoilers, flaps, and leading-edge slats, were also adopted upon later-built models.[19][21] Additional composites were also made use of, such as carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), as well as their presence in an increasing proportion of the aircraft's components, including the spoilers, rudder, air brakes, and landing gear doors.[22] Another feature of later aircraft was the addition of wingtip fences, which improved aerodynamic performance and thus reduced cruise fuel consumption by about 1.5% for the A300-600.[23]
In addition to passenger duties, the A300 became widely used by air freight operators; according to Airbus, it is the best selling freight aircraft of all time.[20] Various variants of the A300 were built to meet customer demands, often for diverse roles such as aerial refueling tankers, freighter models (new-build and conversions), combi aircraft, military airlifter, and VIP transport. Perhaps the most visually unique of the variants is the A300-600ST Beluga, an oversize cargo-carrying model operated by Airbus to carry aircraft sections between their manufacturing facilities.[20] The A300 was the basis for, and retained a high level of commonality with, the second airliner produced by Airbus, the smaller Airbus A310.[19]
Operational history:
On 23 May 1974, the first A300 to enter service performed the first commercial flight of the type, flying from Paris to London, for Air France.[6]: 39 [18]
Immediately after the launch, sales of the A300 were weak for some years, with most orders going to airlines that had an obligation to favor the domestically made product – notably Air France and Lufthansa, the first two airlines to place orders for the type.[3]: 50–52 [18] Following the appointment of Bernard Lathière as Henri Ziegler's replacement, an aggressive sales approach was adopted. Indian Airlines was the world's first domestic airline to purchase the A300, ordering three aircraft with three options. However, between December 1975 and May 1977, there were no sales for the type. During this period a number of "whitetail" A300s – completed but unsold aircraft – were completed and stored at Toulouse, and production fell to half an aircraft per month amid calls to pause production completely.[18]
During the flight testing of the A300B2, Airbus held a series of talks with Korean Air on the topic of developing a longer-range version of the A300, which would become the A300B4. In September 1974, Korean Air placed an order for four A300B4s with options for two further aircraft; this sale was viewed as significant as it was the first non-European international airline to order Airbus aircraft. Airbus had viewed South-East Asia as a vital market that was ready to be opened up and believed Korean Air to be the 'key'.[8][16]: 23 [18]
Airlines operating the A300 on short haul routes were forced to reduce frequencies to try and fill the aircraft. As a result, they lost passengers to airlines operating more frequent narrow body flights. Eventually, Airbus had to build its own narrowbody aircraft (the A320) to compete with the Boeing 737 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9/MD-80. The savior of the A300 was the advent of ETOPS, a revised FAA rule which allows twin-engine jets to fly long-distance routes that were previously off-limits to them. This enabled Airbus to develop the aircraft as a medium/long range airliner.
In 1977, US carrier Eastern Air Lines leased four A300s as an in-service trial.[18] CEO Frank Borman was impressed that the A300 consumed 30% less fuel, even less than expected, than his fleet of L-1011s. Borman proceeded to order 23 A300s, becoming the first U.S. customer for the type. This order is often cited as the point at which Airbus came to be seen as a serious competitor to the large American aircraft-manufacturers Boeing and McDonnell Douglas.[6]: 40 [8][18] Aviation author John Bowen alleged that various concessions, such as loan guarantees from European governments and compensation payments, were a factor in the decision as well.[3]: 52 The Eastern Air Lines breakthrough was shortly followed by an order from Pan Am. From then on, the A300 family sold well, eventually reaching a total of 561 delivered aircraft.[1]
In December 1977, Aerocondor Colombia became the first Airbus operator in Latin America, leasing one Airbus A300B4-2C, named Ciudad de Barranquilla.
During the late 1970s, Airbus adopted a so-called 'Silk Road' strategy, targeting airlines in the Far East.[3]: 52 [18] As a result, The aircraft found particular favor with Asian airlines, being bought by Japan Air System, Korean Air, China Eastern Airlines, Thai Airways International, Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Philippine Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, China Airlines, Pakistan International Airlines, Indian Airlines, Trans Australia Airlines and many others. As Asia did not have restrictions similar to the FAA 60-minutes rule for twin-engine airliners which existed at the time, Asian airlines used A300s for routes across the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea.
In 1977, the A300B4 became the first ETOPS compliant aircraft,[24] qualifying for Extended Twin Engine Operations over water, providing operators with more versatility in routing. In 1982 Garuda Indonesia became the first airline to fly the A300B4-200FFCC.[25] By 1981, Airbus was growing rapidly, with over 400 aircraft sold to over forty airlines.[26]
In 1989, Chinese operator China Eastern Airlines received its first A300; by 2006, the airline operated around 18 A300s, making it the largest operator of both the A300 and the A310 at that time. On 31 May 2014, China Eastern officially retired the last A300-600 in its fleet, having begun drawing down the type in 2010.[27]
From 1997 to 2014, a single A300, designated A300 Zero-G, was operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as a reduced-gravity aircraft for conducting research into microgravity; the A300 is the largest aircraft to ever have been used in this capacity. A typical flight would last for two and a half hours, enabling up to 30 parabolas to be performed per flight.[28][29]
By the 1990s, the A300 was being heavily promoted as a cargo freighter.[16]: 24 The largest freight operator of the A300 is FedEx Express, which has 65 A300 aircraft in service as of May 2022.[30] UPS Airlines also operates 52 freighter versions of the A300.[31]
The final version was the A300-600R and is rated for 180-minute ETOPS. The A300 has enjoyed renewed interest in the secondhand market for conversion to freighters; large numbers were being converted during the late 1990s.[16]: 24–25 The freighter versions – either new-build A300-600s or converted ex-passenger A300-600s, A300B2s and B4s – account for most of the world's freighter fleet after the Boeing 747 freighter.[32]
The A300 provided Airbus the experience of manufacturing and selling airliners competitively. The basic fuselage of the A300 was later stretched (A330 and A340), shortened (A310), or modified into derivatives (A300-600ST Beluga Super Transporter). In 2006, unit cost of an −600F was $105 million.[14] In March 2006, Airbus announced the impending closure of the A300/A310 final assembly line,[33] making them the first Airbus aircraft to be discontinued. The final production A300, an A300F freighter, performed its initial flight on 18 April 2007,[34] and was delivered to FedEx Express on 12 July 2007.[35] Airbus has announced a support package to keep A300s flying commercially. Airbus offers the A330-200F freighter as a replacement for the A300 cargo variants.[36]
The life of UPS's fleet of 52 A300s, delivered from 2000 to 2006, will be extended to 2035 by a flight deck upgrade based around Honeywell Primus Epic avionics; new displays and flight management system (FMS), improved weather radar, a central maintenance system, and a new version of the current enhanced ground proximity warning system. With a light usage of only two to three cycles per day, it will not reach the maximum number of cycles by then. The first modification will be made at Airbus Toulouse in 2019 and certified in 2020.[37] As of July 2017, there are 211 A300s in service with 22 operators, with the largest operator being FedEx Express with 68 A300-600F aircraft.[38]
Variants:
A300B1 - The A300B1 was the first variant to take flight. It had a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 132 t (291,000 lb), was 51 m (167 ft) long and was powered by two General Electric CF6-50A engines.[16]: 21 [39]: 41 Only two prototypes of the variant were built before it was adapted into the A300B2, the first production variant of the airliner.[6]: 39 The second prototype was leased to Trans European Airways in 1974.[39]: 54
A300B2 -
A300B2-100:
Responding to a need for more seats from Air France, Airbus decided that the first production variant should be larger than the original prototype A300B1. The CF6-50A powered A300B2-100 was 2.6 m (8.5 ft) longer than the A300B1 and had an increased MTOW of 137 t (302,000 lb), allowing for 30 additional seats and bringing the typical passenger count up to 281, with capacity for 20 LD3 containers.[40]: 10 [41][39]: 17 Two prototypes were built and the variant made its maiden flight on 28 June 1973, became certified on 15 March 1974 and entered service with Air France on 23 May 1974.[39]: 27, 53 [40]: 10
A300B2-200:
For the A300B2-200, originally designated as the A300B2K, Krueger flaps were introduced at the leading-edge root, the slat angles were reduced from 20 degrees to 16 degrees, and other lift related changes were made in order to introduce a high-lift system. This was done to improve performance when operating at high-altitude airports, where the air is less dense and lift generation is reduced.[42]: 52, 53 [43] The variant had an increased MTOW of 142 t (313,000 lb) and was powered by CF6-50C engines, was certified on 23 June 1976, and entered service with South African Airways in November 1976.[39]: 40 [40]: 12 CF6-50C1 and CF6-50C2 models were also later fitted depending on customer requirements, these became certified on 22 February 1978 and 21 February 1980 respectively.[39]: 41 [40]: 12
A300B2-320:
The A300B2-320 introduced the Pratt & Whitney JT9D powerplant and was powered by JT9D-59A engines. It retained the 142 t (313,000 lb) MTOW of the B2-200, was certified on 4 January 1980, and entered service with Scandinavian Airlines on 18 February 1980, with only four being produced.[39]: 99, 112 [40]: 14
A300B4 -
A300B4-100:
The initial A300B4 variant, later named the A300B4-100, included a centre fuel tank for an increased fuel capacity of 47.5 tonnes (105,000 lb), and had an increased MTOW of 157.5 tonnes (347,000 lb).[44][42]: 38 It also featured Krueger flaps and had a similar high-lift system to what was later fitted to the A300B2-200.[42]: 74 The variant made its maiden flight on 26 December 1974, was certified on 26 March 1975, and entered service with Germanair in May 1975.[39]: 32, 54 [40]: 16
A300B4-200:
The A300B4-200 had an increased MTOW of 165 tonnes (364,000 lb) and featured an additional optional fuel tank in the rear cargo hold, which would reduce the cargo capacity by two LD3 containers.[40]: 19 [42]: 69 The variant was certified on 26 April 1979.[40]: 19
A300-600 - The A300-600, officially designated as the A300B4-600, was slightly longer than the A300B2 and A300B4 variants and had an increased interior space from using a similar rear fuselage to the Airbus A310, this allowed it to have two additional rows of seats.[42]: 79 It was initially powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7R4H1 engines, but was later fitted with General Electric CF6-80C2 engines, with Pratt & Whitney PW4156 or PW4158 engines being introduced in 1986.[42]: 82 Other changes include an improved wing featuring a recambered trailing edge, the incorporation of simpler single-slotted Fowler flaps, the deletion of slat fences, and the removal of the outboard ailerons after they were deemed unnecessary on the A310.[45] The variant made its first flight on 8 July 1983, was certified on 9 March 1984, and entered service in June 1984 with Saudi Arabian Airlines.[40]: 42 [39]: 58 A total of 313 A300-600s (all versions) have been sold. The A300-600 uses the A310 cockpits, featuring digital technology and electronic displays, eliminating the need for a flight engineer. The FAA issues a single type rating which allows operation of both the A310 and A300-600. A300-600: (Official designation: A300B4-600) The baseline model of the −600 series. A300-620C: (Official designation: A300C4-620) A convertible-freighter version. Four delivered between 1984 and 1985. A300-600F: (Official designation: A300F4-600) The freighter version of the baseline −600. A300-600R: (Official designation: A300B4-600R) The increased-range −600, achieved by an additional trim fuel tank in the tail. First delivery in 1988 to American Airlines; all A300s built since 1989 (freighters included) are −600Rs. Japan Air System (later merged into Japan Airlines) took delivery of the last new-built passenger A300, an A300-622R, in November 2002. A300-600RC: (Official designation: A300C4-600R) The convertible-freighter version of the −600R. Two were delivered in 1999. A300-600RF: (Official designation: A300F4-600R) The freighter version of the −600R. All A300s delivered between November 2002 and 12 July 2007 (last ever A300 delivery) were A300-600RFs.
A310 (A300B10)-
Airbus had demand for an aircraft smaller than the A300. On 7 July 1978, the A310 (initially the A300B10) was launched with orders from Swissair and Lufthansa. On 3 April 1982, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight and it received its type certification on 11 March 1983.
Keeping the same eight-abreast cross-section, the A310 is 6.95 m (22.8 ft) shorter than the initial A300 variants, and has a smaller 219 m2 (2,360 sq ft) wing, down from 260 m2 (2,800 sq ft). The A310 introduced a two-crew glass cockpit, later adopted for the A300-600 with a common type rating. It was powered by the same GE CF6-80 or Pratt & Whitney JT9D then PW4000 turbofans. It can seat 220 passengers in two classes, or 240 in all-economy, and can fly up to 5,150 nmi (9,540 km). It has overwing exits between the two main front and rear door pairs.
In April 1983, the aircraft entered revenue service with Swissair and competed with the Boeing 767–200, introduced six months before. Its longer range and ETOPS regulations allowed it to be operated on transatlantic flights. Until the last delivery in June 1998, 255 aircraft were produced, as it was succeeded by the larger Airbus A330-200. It has cargo aircraft versions, and was derived into the Airbus A310 MRTT military tanketransport.
Airbus A300-ST (Beluga)
Commonly referred to as the Airbus Beluga or "Airbus Super Transporter," these five airframes are used by Airbus to ferry parts between the company's disparate manufacturing facilities, thus enabling workshare distribution. They replaced the four Aero Spacelines Super Guppys previously used by Airbus.
ICAO code: A3ST
Operators:
As of March 2023, there were 228 A300 family aircraft in commercial service. The five largest operators were FedEx Express (70), UPS Airlines (52), European Air Transport Leipzig (23), Iran Air (11), and Mahan Air (11).[46]

It’s been said a million times here, but let me assure you. After looking for many different alternatives, nothing compares to Sheppard Air AFTER your private pilot. I didn’t think IRA Written would be as easy for me as many people in the thread claim, but I passed with a 98%. I’ve never considered myself to be good with multiple choice exams, but I entered my testing center with 3 other people, I was the first one to finish in less than 30 minutes, it felt like I had done something wrong, but once the nice lady at the testing center handed me my paper with a 98%, I knew it was real.
Now that I have used Sheppard air, I feel comfortable talking about how to use it. So obviously, follow the instructions they have listed, word for word (VERY IMPORTANT). The only change I made is when it was time for me to review my missed questions, I wrote down my missed questions on a notepad and memorized them until I couldn’t get it wrong. Over and over, just kept memorizing them. If you’re a bad studietest taker like me, use Shep to pass your exam. Have a way of remembering the number questions as well. Example: when ____ VOR is mentioned, use ____ as your answer.
Im in the checkride phase of my Instrument rating now, throughout my rating, i think I’ve used the IFR sectional maybe once or twice. This is to say that while the written is important in a certain way, it isn’t necessarily the root of your IFR training. There are plenty of good YouTube videos to help you with your oral or general knowledge about how to fly IFR. In addition, Pilots Cafe is a great tool to utilize for your oral portion. Happy flying, wish your clear skies and tailwinds (en route).
Edit: first post ever, please under aviation is serious business. I don’t know much, but I felt like I should share what I personally learned to the rest of you all.

Decarboxylation is a very important step in the process of making a cannabis concentrate. In short and blunt lamens terms decarboxylation is heating of cannabis to activate the appropriate cannabinoids. Heat and cold are the Extraction Technicians best friend, when controlled for. THCa is the naturally occurring form of THC exsisting in raw cannabis form where as THC is not present in raw cannabis. THCa is tetrahydracannabinolic acid, THC being the former word less acid, Tetrahydracannabinol.
The most important reason behind decarbing is the activation of the acid groups of compounds into their psychotropic active forms. While there are medicinal and therapeutic benefits to THCa and other Acid forms of cannabinoids, they are not therapeutic via combustion and can only be used to induce immediate medicinal therpaeutic effect in transdermal absorption, edibles, rso, tinctures etc. Though extended lomg term benefits of THCa have been suggested by studies. THCa is not psychotropic however. Very few psychoactive psychotropic benefits can be experienced from raw cannabis flower prior to decarboxylation.
Decaroxylation is one of the most important steps in cannabis concentrate processing, but is a part of cannabis use regarldess of How it is used. Decarboxylation is the addition of heat to raw cannabis or cannabis flower that has been curred. This torches the cannabis flower and upon reaching its flash point around 315° F approximately, the THCa loose a single carbon atom Carboxyl group 👉 (-COOH) while holding onto a hydrogen atom.
The atomic make up of THCa is 4 Oxygen, 30 Hydrodgen, and 22 Carbon atoms. We can see that decarbing causes the loss of 2 Oxygen atoms, 1 hydrogen, and 1 carbon atom. This is known as carbon dioxide, 1 carbon, di-2 oxide 1 hydrogen atom. Removal of said carboxyl group causes an approximately 12% reduction in THCa and converts to active THC.
This process can happen as I mentioned from combustion of plant material reaching the flash point of THC at approximately 320°F. It can also take place in a much more delicate manner whereby the THCa is converted to THC for use in products which will not undergo combustion. These are your edibles, tinctures, Rick Simpson Oil, topicals etc. These require that the THCa be ran through a decarboxylation process via lab techniques. However, the consumed compound in edibles and RSO is THC.
THCa does not bind to the receptors which are the main parts activating the endocannabinoid system, aka ECS. The ECS is a largely not understood homeostatic process involving the peropheral and nervous systems. THCa has a shape and size that prevents it from binding to CB1 or CB2 receptors. THC however has the key to both receptors.

There is not much study that has been conducted on THCa, largely thanks to the little amount of study done on cannabis. Meaning that which has been done has been on the seemingly most pertinent parts of the plant to understand given its possible recreational and inherent medicnal stance in the western World. 

THCa is quite interesting in that studies have shown it to be directly beneficial to the reduction of pain by causing inhibition of COX-1 and Cox-2 enzymes. Both of said enzymes have potential to increase inflimation, pain, & fever. The interesting thing is the usefulness I have heard family and friends speak to, that being the application of topicals. I always wondered how in the world a topical would be beneficial for someone like my aunt, who smoke upwards of an ounce a week and uses pens and dabs. She finds the anti inflammirory and pain relieving properties of topical absorption of THCa extremely beneficial. She suffers a multitude of issues traditionally thought of to be treated by cannabis like gastroporesis, fibromyalgia, and inflimation associated pain.
The medicinal and recreational benefits of THC vs THCa differ darastically. THCa is not psychotropic, or as I often refer to it as psychoactively psychedelic. But has a multitude of medicnal applications through topical transdermal absorption, juicing of cannabis leaves, plant, and flower, rso, and other edibles.
THCa treats neurodegenrative diseases such as alzheimers disease, interesting given that CBD quells seizure activity in certain nerodivergent disorders. THCa is also anit spasmodic, meaning it stops muscele shaking in diseases like Parkinson disease. It also somewhat counterintuitive as an anti proliferative, considering the proliferative nature of sesquiterpenes. Said Anit proliferative attributes making it beneficial in prevention of prostate cancers.
THCa is also anti emetic to treat nausea vomiting etc and induce apetite & aid reduction in nausea. It is also analgesic in nature which means it is a pain killer. Finally like most compounds in cannabis THCa is an antioxidant that protects one from and reverses the damage caused by free radicals.
THC in addition to the plethora of medicinal applications of THCa, we have the medicinal viability of THC. Again none of this is accepted by the FDA and much comes from studies of cannabis from around the world as US peer reviewed research wasn't allowed in the US untill 2022. Atleast NOT RESEARCH without FDA manipulation forcing researchers to use cannabis from the University of Mississippi grown by government contractors to ensure low quality cannabis and sub par quality. This was the product available for study by peer reviewed researchers, ensuring FDAs plausible deniablilty while simultaneously actively controlling ability to produce results other than null. This backing down by the FDA is why we see so many synthetic cannabinoids hitting the market now. We're actually able to study the cannabis actually being used, though the restrictions are still a bit uncalled for.
The benefits of THC actually do differ from THCa. I didn't know this for the longest time. I always thought that THC was simply decarboxylIzed THCa. THC can assist with the treatment of opioid addiction, ya know, the way addicts who've suffered from the disease for years have suggested that the plant helps. For decades individuals on methadone maintainence treatment or another form of medicated assisted Treatment, aka MAT like suboxone, subtuex, or sublicaid which are all partial opioid agonists, save methadone as it is a full agonist. The Marijuana is said to dissuade the desire for reward seeking by allowing a less intense non addictive reward to Be given to the brain via THC.
Studies have actually shown a statistically significant difference in completion of opioid maintainence programs and relapse therein or total relapse correlated to THC use. This use is said to be decreasing desire to activate that 'burnt-in' reward system pathway. Essentially yes it let's the patient get high without axtivating those addictive pathways. This is supported by studies like the one I often discuss regarding injection of Beta Myrcene in Mice. Interestingly a study performed on Beta myrcene outside of cannabis, subcutaneous and intra peritoneal injection of cannabis derived beta myrcene led to analgesia comparable to prescription opiates.
The amazing find imo is that while it produced similar analgesic effects, it took an unknown pathway which caused analgesia but didn't exhibit the addictive properties of opioid Mu receptor activation. The studies insinuate both the application and medicinal viability of myrcene outside and likely within the whole of cannabis. Remember the whole is more than sum of its parts. AS well as the fact that THERE maybe isn't much receptor activation leadiNg to addictive properties, but RATHER, the pathway to the mu receptor causes the addictive properties.
THC has also been shown to have a strong Correlation to increased Metabolic output, which has a multitude of health benefits that most certainly don't abIDE by THE social niceties of todayS society. Cannabis use can produce THC benefit can lessen possibility of diet related obesity. The THC has actually been shown to be correlated with decrease in Body Mass Index as outdated as the BMI is said to be in modern culture. In addition THC has been correlated to A decrease in likliehood of diet associated diabetes.
THC also exhibits the characteristic of encouraging Vasodialation which is how the pressure in the eyes is releived for Glaucoma patients. Vasodiallation is the diallation of blood vessels, aka opening them up. This causes a decrease in blood pressure. However, strains with potent beta myrcene levels can effect the way in which the THC works. When THC is used with Beta caryophyllene in that form, not trans caryophyllene which is the most common form of beta caryophyllene and myrcene together, the THC enhances sedative effects in the potency of the onset brought on by beta caryophyllene sedation enhanced via myrcene.
Myrcene alone causes proliferation of THC across the blood brain n barrier leading to imcreased absorption of THC and increased activation of the CB1 receptors. This increases the psychotropic ability of the cannabis. THC potency can also be controlled with the application of various combinations of terpenes, namely related to beta caryophyllene and beta myrcene.

For example, that intensification of cb1 receptor activity can be quelled using the dietary nature of the dietary cannabinoid Beta Caryophyllene, by ingesting small amounts of black pepper cernals. These are high in Beta caryophyllene and as it is also a dietary cannabinoid meaning it can enter the endocsnnabnoid system througj the stomach and interacts with cannabis compounds active in the ECS. This calms the psychotropic Intensity calming paranoia & anxiety. 

What is interesting and leads to deep sometimes heated discussion is that THC is also anxiolytic. Obviously heated given the intensification of THC via myrcene in a sativa lacking beta or trans caryophyllene. THCa is shown in studies in 2017 to be a more effective anti inflammitory than CBD when treating certain gastrointestinal disorders, specifically Irritable bowel syndrome, chrons disease, and ulcerative colitis.
So what does it mean when you see a small amount of THC in the product but higher levels of THCa? That ofcourse is a traditional confirmation of analysis.

First, it is very possible that the confirmation of analysis testing if using gas Chrometography that the THC may be underestimated, making for a more potent product than labeled....though these differences would be so Minute they likely wouldn't be noted by a person using the product. Maybe someone sensitive to THC. 

Ever notice how there is typically some level of THC usually below 1% while your THCa tests around 79% or 78%. When testing cannabis products, when using Gas Chrometography the amount of THCa that converts to THC is 70%, but the THCa is not measurable using this method due to the temperature decearboxylizing the THCa to its psychotropic form.
Gas Chrometography combusts the material into a gassesous form and runs this gas through filtration which is able to measure the compound levels. I Showed below a picture diagram showing these systems. Because this is the "decarbed" product meaning heat was applied to convert the tetrahydracannabinolic acid. The THC is all that can be measured using this approach, not the THCa and only 70% of THCa is converted in this process. However knowing that 70% of THCa converts to THC we can sus out the levels of both using this approach.
It is impossible to know what that initial amount of THCa was of which 70% gets converted. Cannabis confirmation of analysis testing is very complex and has many seeming double negatives and odd measuremnet standards. One of these as a good example is less than the limit of quantitation. This means that the compound is present but can't be measured in accurate levels.
Liquid chrometography is a secondary method used to produce the confirmation of analysis you find on most states cannabis Product, atleast for the medicinal cannabis products in my state. Liquid chrometography takes advantage of a universal formula used to determine the amount of THCa that gets converted to THC.
The Universal Mathematical formula is as follows.
THC TOTAL= (%THCa) X 0.877 + (%THC)
If we remember looking back, approximately 12% of THCa is lost in the extraction process, during decarboxylation. That approximates at 0.877 which is equivalent to 87.7%. 87.8 + 12 leaves 99.8%. I am not exactly certain about the .2% leftover. I will update when i do learn ablut this fact. When the carboxyl group is removed and hydrogen atom preserved a 12% reduction occurs in THCa and other active cannabinoids, those exsisiting as an acid naturally like CBGa are converted as well.
This is how the ACTUAL levels are measured in order to understand the real potnecy of the product your using. THCa for example require a temperature exposure of 220° F for 30-45 mins before decarbing begins. The key for some decarbing processes is to manipulate atmospheric pressures to lower the boiling points and flash points of cannabinoid temperatures in order to ensure the partial flashing over (that is decarbing) takes place but doesn't degrade the product. Control of atmospheric pressure is necessary so that terpenes are not evaporated as some terpnenes begin to flash over at right around 100°F. A rotovap is one way this is done for which there is a diagram below as well, showing the liquid bath and erlyn myer flask (flask with bulbous bottom). Or in a VTA wipe decarboxylationprocess. .
THCa decarbs at approximately 220° F and CBDa decarbs at approximately 245°F, exposure time being approximately 90 minutes. To keep terpenes from evaporating it is necessary to extend the length of time one runs decarbozylation process in order to lower the temperature. A chart exsists to show heat vs time and the relative output thereof i included below. According to my research the optimal temperature for THCa decarboxylation is between 252° & 293°F.
If you plan to exsist on the Recreational market as a processor of cannabis or as an individual processing your own cannabis, decarboxylation is absolutely necessary to compete with big indisytry and make cannabis product containing desired terpenes.

 While decarbing can be done ignoring the evaporation of terpenes, which is why there is the issue of adding terpenes in some processing it is best to try to keep these terps especially if competing In a state where medicinal multi million dollar industry is operating. 

Advoc8 always
Meduc8 daily
FOLLOW UR NOSE 👃 WHERE THE TERPENES GOES.

Yall please help because its affecting me a lot, I'm writing this as fast as i can on my pc bc he checks my screen time on my phone, warning; its a lot bc I'm not allowed to talk to anyone so I came here to let it out and I need help
short story on how we met, important to the story
my bf and go to the same college and we met once in 2019 in campus but it was just a hello and we forgot about each other. we officially spoke in March 2022, no contact until August 2022 when we actually got to know each other. i spoke to him like how I would normally speak with my other friends, i have a big personality and i made inappropriate jokes like you'd see on social media, totally harmless memes and i didn't hide my personality when I was with him, he didn't like it but was okay with until recent, he says he is disgusted with the person I was before. he is diagnosed with OCD. fast forward to October 2022, he confessed and I accepted it and we were official. we don't live together.
the first day i met him in Aug2022, he told me he was only into virgins like he is but he said he has done everything (not sex) with multiple random people before, went on dates with countless people and had few girlfriends. and i told him my past, I've had 2 bfs and a situationship, I've only made out (kissed and received hickeys), sent half naked pic (bikini pics) to one of the bf. at first he didn't pursue me bc of this, then we started talking and i had no intention to flirt with him, I talked to him like I normally talk. then we got together and it was fine for few months. he did say he takes the past of his gfs seriously and he broke up with a few bc they had a past. he asked me if I was okay with his past and ocd and i said yes, until now it doesn't bother me.
feb2023
the problem started in Feb2023 when ex2 texted me on ig (it gave me a panic attack bc it was a very traumatizing relationship and i ended it) and told my bf and he asked me to give my ig pw to him to handle it. then he started going through my chats and he found a chat with ex2 back in 2021, it was very teenagey and childish, few pics but nothing serious but he got very affected by it. i kept reassuring him I've never met ex2 and it was edating bc quarantine. bf and i had a break for 3 days and he kept wanting to break up and in those 3 days i was begging him to stay bc it's not like i cheated on him, i didn't have a talking stage/situationship/anything with anyone since Feb2022 until him. i told him whatever i could remember bc the ex2 relationship affected me to the point i had ed, but until now he pressures me to tell everything that happened and he is making me relive everything.
ever since this incident I've been anxious and haven't been giving my all for this relationship, i wasn't given any reassurance and anything, which i understand bc it affects him so I've learned to accept that (whenever my past issues come up i cant ask for reassurance/comfort bc the past is my fault that i betrayed him before meeting him. - his words). i put maximum effort before feb2022, no complaints from him. until this issue. this happened again in march2023.
march2023
i said 'don't say vulgar words (like i wanna f*** you) bc it doesn't sound intimate" back in Jan2023 and for awhile he was okay with it but i guess he had it in mind bc in March2023 he asked me why i allowed ex2 to speak like that but not him and made it into a whole issue. i had to reassure him and say bc i didn't feel intimate with ex2 but with my bf i did. he said its affecting him a lot and he wanted to break up with me here, i begged him to stay here as well. but it started to tear me apart bc i had nothing but love for my bf and it hurt me a lot and i had to distract myself constantly to be okay.
other problems
we were somewhat fine after that, we kept meeting and went out to eat and to campus but slowly he started restricting everything, wasn't allowed to go out alone or with friend, wasn't allowed to talk to my girl best friend & few other friends bc they were from my past, wasn't allowed to use twitter and tiktok, these apps are to keep up on games, kpop and the things i like, i told him this and he said doesn't care. had a group of close friends my girlbsf and 2 male bsf, he accused me of having a thing w one of my male bsf from that group. we really didn't, all of us were just close friends like siblings, 4 of us knew each other parents and our parents knew each other. but he still thinks i had a thing with him. i cut him off bc respected my bf. i have no problem cutting contact with any male if it makes my bf uncomfy bc its basic respect. but he gives me tests to see if i will pass the test, like will i listen to everything he says, if i don't it will turn into a big fight and i have to beg for his forgiveness and still do it if it makes me anxious or uncomfy. when i asked him to unfollow his ex gfs he would say he wants to keep them so they can see how well he was doing. he would say they are harmless and start a fight with me for even bringing that up. he doesn't like my big personality (para 1) and hes been trying to 'correct my mindset' and 'prohibit me from being wrong'. he always asks about the timeline (para 1) to make sure i didn't 'cheat' on him despite only meeting him for a day and didn't speak for months until Aug2022.
he doesn't allow me to ask questions like, why he can do certain things while he restricts me from doing but it will end up in an argument for asking unnecessary questions. he gets verbally abusive when he is mad about my past and would say he will break my face and will use vulgar language. it hurts me terribly, im not the person to get angry and be verbally abusive, i speak very calmly and wont raise my voice but he will raise his voice and threaten me. we have other problems in the relationship, he has access to my ig and would ask me what i spoke to A(for example) and im required to remember everything that i spoke to A if not he will flip out and say im hiding and lying. i don't think of random people all the time and im always under pressure to remember every convo if not he accuses me of lying or hiding. i honestly have nothing to hide, he reads my old chats with platonic friends and twists it to make it seem like there is something. i admit when we had my past issue in Feb2023, ive deleted few chats because i know he will twist it and i shouldn't have done that and hes very upset about it until now, but I'm glad i did bc it saved me alot of problems, not because i was doing smth wrong but he doesn't understand my humor said 'does everyone know youre a wh*re bc you spoke like that with everyone?' i spoke like how a normal genz that watches tiktok would (step on me for example) i didn't flirt with anyone.
the reason why im writing this is because im scared very scared and tired.
i still love him even after everything, he made me question myself. Am i a narcist or do i have bpd or have any mental issues. be honest you guys. am i the wrong one here? there's so much more and i could see hes a very insecure person and I've been trying to reassure him as much as i can, but its affecting my social life, its nonexistent now. i got an internship at a place i love and he wants to join the place as well, its not a problem for me but he said if i have to work alone he will break up with me because hes worried about me and wouldn't be there to protect me if i get assaulted. im really unhappy, im required to let go of any job offers if he not selected with him, he does the same but i want independence and freedom. i spoke to him about this and he reacted very badly and i had to give in. i feel like i lost myself trying to be the person he wants. he is aware of retroactive jealousy but he takes it out on me in the worst possible way and im left alone to heal by myself. yesterday he wanted to leave me for changing my ig pw without his permission. and he asked for my snap pw and he went through all my snaps from 2020 to present and he is forcing me to tell him which pics ive sent to ex2 as I'm writing this right now. i cant keep doing this. im always under pressure and im stressed all the time, its not enjoyable talking to him anymore. its taking a toll on me, i have other worries other than this relationship but this is 95% of my problems and it affecting my life.
he can be very nice and sweet and he says he loves me but whenever hes hurt hes verbally abusive and might be physically abusive bc he punches walls and breaks things but whenever im hurt and i express it, he will either turn it into a joke or turn it into an argument saying i should've thought about him and how it would make him feel before expressing my hurt. end of the day i must be the one to apologize if im right or wrong, he does apologize as well but only when we have a big fight for him to understand. im on birth control pills for the first time and its making my hair fall and have mood swings but he not there, he doesn't care and said don't blame the pills. i might be neurodivergent and im trying to get diagnosed for Asperger's soon bc i think its one of the factors affecting the relationship and my social skills but that's a whole different discussion. there so much more but i dont have time.
i really dont want to lose him bc we really a genuine good time before the retroactive jealousy and all the relationship problems, i wanted to help him through the ocd, but now i dont what to do i dont think im strong enough for this, right this moment i received a guilt trip message saying he can't eat even when the food is good when he chose to go through my snap (which had only pics of me) to overthink and twist everything and blame it on me. now i have to go admit my mistakes and beg for forgiveness. hes been saying he wants to leave but its a test to see if i will fight for him to come back, when he blocked me yesterday he wanted me to text him on other apps and got mad when i didnt.
to be clear, i have never cheated/flirted with anyone and dont have a reason to hide anything, objectively i didn't do anything wrong while i was in this relationship, ive been very faithful but now i feel like i should delete everything because i cant stand the constant abuse and harassment, id rather be accused of hiding and lying even when im not than explain what each word meant and this happened during my finals as well, i wasted alot of time and im tired. help

My house has Zephyr grille air filters (see attached picture). I am not able to use low cost normal air filters due to the ridge in the vent which prevents the normal 20x30 filter from going into the vent. The existing filter has a top part that is smaller than 20x30 and bottom part equal to 20x30.
Are there low cost alternatives that I can use ? The current zephyr filter is about $40-50 per filter.